A novel multi-featured metric for adaptive routing in mobile ad hoc networks

Hasdemir, Songul; Yılmaz, Selim; Şen, Sevil

doi:10.1007/s10489-018-01401-4

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The network routing in MANET is a challenging task due to dynamic nature of the topology. There exists many routing protocols for MANETs and it's classification are as follows: Proactive or Table driven routing protocols, Reactive or On demand routing protocols and Hybrid routing protocols [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: K-Means Based Cluster Formation and Head Selection Through Artificial Neural Network in MANET

Bisen¹,

Mishra²,

Saurabh

2021

Preprint

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Mobile ad-hoc network is a dynamic and self configuring network composed of mobile nodes that are cooperative and intelligent in nature, which forms a temporary network without any base station. Due to dynamic nature, route among source and destination is not fixed and it can change with time, this results in routing overhead, congestion and higher energy consumption in nodes. In this condition, clustering becomes very relevant in highly dense network in which the clusterhead initiates the routing instead of normal nodes. This paper proposes an efficient way for cluster formation and selection of stable cluster heads (E-CFSA) with high energy level. E-CFSA forms node cluster using k-means algorithm where distance with centroids acts as the key parameter. Afterwards, artificial neural network (ANN) is applied in each cluster to select efficient clusterhead. It also updates weight of input parameters such as mobility, packet drop, energy and number of neighbor nodes in order to minimize the errors at target neuron using back propagation algorithm. The overall process identifies and selects the nodes as clusterheads that possess longer stability and higher energy level. This procedure reduces the repetitive selection of cluster heads and re-affiliation of member nodes in a cluster. Thereafter, performance is evaluated in terms of overhead, packet delivery ratio, throughput and cluster head stability time with variation in speed of node or number of nodes in MANET. The experimental results obtained through proposed E-CFSA are compared to other existing mechanisms and a comparison is drawn. These comparative results very clearly revealed that proposed E-CFSA outperformed its peers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: K-Means Based Cluster Formation and Head Selection Through Artificial Neural Network in MANET

Bisen¹,

Mishra²,

Saurabh

2021

Preprint

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“…DYMO shares many benefits of the operational structure of DSR and AODV. DYMO outperforms AODV and DSR protocols as it uses accumulative routing which reduces RREQs noticeably [62]. DYMO was improved by considering the energy and traffic parameters of the network and showed better performance compared to the original DYMO and AODV routing protocols [63].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Khudayer¹,

Al-Zabin²,

Anbar³

et al. 2023

IJACSA

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Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a group of wireless mobile nodes that can connect with each other over a number of hops without the need for centralized management or pre-existing infrastructure. MANET has been used in several commercial areas such as intelligent shipping systems, ad hoc gaming, and clever agriculture, and non-commercial areas such as army applications, disaster rescue, and wildlife observing domains. One of the main challenges in MANET is routing mobility management which affects the performance of MANET seriously. The routing protocols have been functionally classified into proactive routing protocols, reactive routing protocols, and hybrid routing protocols. The objective of this paper is to create observations about the advantages and disadvantages of these protocols. Thus, the aim of this paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of the three groups of MANET routing protocols by comparing their features and methods in terms of routing overhead, scalability, delay, and other factors. It was shown that the proactive protocols guarantee the availability of the routes. However, it suffers from scalability and overhead. Whereas, reactive protocols initiate route discovery only when data needs to be sent. However, reactive protocols introduce an undesirable delay due to route establishment, which affects the network performance. Hybrid protocols, attempt to utilize the beneficial features of both reactive and proactive protocols, hybrid protocols are suitable for large networks and keep up-to-date information, but they increase operational complexity. It was concluded that MANET needs enhancement with regard to routing in order to meet the required performance.

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“…The proposed protocol achieved effective results against AODV, DSR, and other ant‐based routing algorithms. In Hasdemir and Yilmaz, 25 a multi‐feature measure is presented for generating the adaptive in the mobile network. The author investigated the evolution‐based routing metrics using genetic programming.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a novel micro‐Zone adaptive Energy‐Trust evaluation Active On‐Demand Vector protocol to optimize communication in challenging and attacked mobile network

Juneja

2022

Int J Communication

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High congestion, mobility, and energy restrictions are the critical challenges to mobile networks. The conventional routing protocols are unable to ensure effective and reliable communication in such dynamic and unpredictable situations. In this paper, a novel micro-Zone adaptive Energy-Trust evaluation Active On-Demand Vector (mZ-ETAODV) protocol is designed to provide routing solutions in extreme conditions. In this work, the complete network is divided into smaller zones of nxn. The extreme zone position-based evaluation is conducted to handle the stability and to identify the next intermediate node.The zone-covered neighbors are further computed under energy and trust measures to identify the most reliable neighbor. The proposed protocol is simulated under high mobility, congestion and man-in-middle attack situations. The analytical observations are recorded in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) ratio, energy consumption, delay and communication loss parameters.The comparative results are generated against AODV, SAODV, PSAODV, PDS-AODV, NVS-AODV, iNVS-AODV, Tripathy et al., DFMCRP, FBSSR, MBDP-AODV, AGHA, and Singh et al. protocols. The experimentation is conducted in a highly challenging mobile network with high congestion, high mobility, energy restriction, existence of blackhole, grayhole, DDOS, and mixed attacks. These attacks are performed with 0% to 10% density, and analysis is conducted against PDR ratio, communication delay, route switching, dead node count, remaining energy, and attack detection rate measures. The analysis results identified that the proposed protocol reduced the communication delay and energy consumption and achieved significant gain in attack detection rate, network life and PDR ratio.

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A novel multi-featured metric for adaptive routing in mobile ad hoc networks

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

RETRACTED: K-Means Based Cluster Formation and Head Selection Through Artificial Neural Network in MANET

RETRACTED: K-Means Based Cluster Formation and Head Selection Through Artificial Neural Network in MANET

A Comparative Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Design of a novel micro‐Zone adaptive Energy‐Trust evaluation Active On‐Demand Vector protocol to optimize communication in challenging and attacked mobile network

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