In the aerospace and automotive industries, detailing the thermal dynamics of particulate matter is crucial for optimizing engine cooling systems, improving vehicle aerodynamics and ensuring environmental safety. Similarly, grasping the behaviour of natural phenomena such as volcanic ash movement, dust storms, and other geophysical and astrophysical flows influenced by thermal and magnetic forces is essential. Against this backdrop, our primary objective is to develop and simulate a model capturing the thermal behaviour of a fluid laden with dust particulates as it moves through a thermally driven channel in a sudden motion, under the influence of thermal emission and magnetic forces. Our methodology employs the Casson fluid model to accurately depict the functioning of the dusty fluid, incorporating factors such as buoyancy forces, radiant heat flux, and periodic thermal boundary conditions. We utilize partial differential equations to mathematically model the time-dependent flow, from which we derive solutions in a compact form. Through a series of graphs and tables, we illustrate how various parameters impact the flow profiles and related metrics, providing a vivid visual depiction of flow dynamics alterations under differing scenarios. Our findings indicate that the fluid phase (FP) generally exhibits higher velocity and temperature values compared to the dust phase (DP), where these values are reduced. An amelioration in the particle concentration parameter leads to a downswing in the thermal profile for both FP and DP. The entropy origination rate also escalates with the magnetic parameter, showing a higher entropy near the channel’s right wall. Shear stresses at the channel walls abate as the particle relaxation time evolves. Notably, significant periodic temperature variations at the right wall have a substantial sequel on the heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) at both channel walls. This study has potential applications in designing more efficient air filtration systems, enhancing vehicle design for better aerodynamics and environmental safety, advancing material technology, and managing particulate pollution in industrial environments.