A Novel NanoMIP–SPR Sensor for the Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

Abstract

Simple, fast, selective, and reliable detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is of utmost importance in the early diagnosis of breast cancer to prevent its high prevalence and mortality. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), also known as artificial antibodies, have recently been used as a specific tool in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this study, a miniaturized surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based sensor was developed using epitope-mediated HER2-nanoMIPs. The nanoMIP receptors were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and fluorescent microscopy. The average size of the nanoMIPs was determined to be 67.5 ± 12.5 nm. The proposed novel SPR sensor provided superior selectivity to HER2 with a detection limit (LOD) of 11.6 pg mL−1 in human serum. The high specificity of the sensor was confirmed by cross-reactivity studies using P53, human serum albumin (HSA), transferrin, and glucose. The sensor preparation steps were successfully characterized by employing cyclic and square wave voltammetry. The nanoMIP–SPR sensor demonstrates great potential for use in the early diagnosis of breast cancer as a robust tool with high sensitivity, selectivity, and specificity.

Review—Advances in Biosensors for Detecting Human Epidermal Growth Receptor-2 Antigen in Serum for Breast Cancer

“…Recently Erol K. et al (2023) 36 developed a simple, fast, selective, and reliable miniaturized SPR based sensor using epitope-mediated HER2-nanomolecular imprinted polymers (MIPs). The nanoMIP antibodies/receptors were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, FTR spectroscopy, TEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and fluorescent microscopy.…”

A Tale of Captopril Detection Based on an Electrochemical Mip Sensor

“…This process aims to generate artificial antibodies, often called plastibodies, which exhibit molecular recognition capabilities in bioanalytical applications [10][11][12][13]. Although MIPs for low-molecular-weight substances like pharmaceuticals, narcotic drugs, amino acids, toxins, sugars, and pesticides have been successfully prepared, it is still challenging for biomacromolecules like proteins or viruses due to their structural complexity and fragility under MIP preparation conditions [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. However, increasing attention has been paid to the fabrication of MIPs due to their ease of preparation, cost-effectiveness, and stability under various conditions like extreme pHs, high temperatures, or organic solvents.…”