A novel nanosponge–hydrogel system‐based electrochemiluminescence biosensor for uric acid detection

Abstract

In this work, a highly efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was developed based on the nanosponge–hydrogel system for uric acid (UA) detection. First, the nanosponge consisted of polylactic acid glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles immobilized with MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) and urate oxidase (UAO). The marked loading capability of PLGA nanoparticles enables loading many biomolecules and QDs for the specific recognition of UA. Urate oxidase on the nanosponge can catalyze UA to generate H2O2 in situ, which further triggers the ECL signal for the MoS2 QDs. Furthermore, the biocompatible acrylamide‐based hydrogel not only effectively retained the functionalities of the chimeric nanosponge–hydrogel, but also provided structural integrity and engineering flexibility on the electrode for ECL sensing applications. In addition, there were many ester groups and amide bonds in the nanosponge–hydrogel structure. Therefore, many electron can be excited in the ECL process due to the large number of lone electron pairs on oxygen and nitrogen atoms. This resulted in a seven‐fold ECL enhancement of the MoS2 QDs. Finally, the nanosponge–hydrogel structure‐based ECL biosensor was successfully used in real clinical serum assays. This showed a good analytical performance for UA detection (100–500 μmol/L) with a limit of detection of 20 μmol/L.

Enzymatic and Non‐Enzymatic Uric Acid Electrochemical Biosensors: A Review

“…As shown in Table 2, Liu et al developed an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) biosensor for uric acid detection based on a nanosponge-hydrogel system. [61] In this study, biodegradable and environmentally friendly polylactic acid glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were used as the substrate. Molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS2 QDs) and urate were immobilized on the PLGA nanoparticles due to their remarkable adsorption capacity and high encapsulation efficiency.…”

“…As shown in Table 2, Liu et al. developed an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) biosensor for uric acid detection based on a nanosponge‐hydrogel system [61] . In this study, biodegradable and environmentally friendly polylactic acid glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were used as the substrate.…”

A facile, low-cost bimetallic iron–nickel MOF nanozyme-propelled ratiometric fluorescent sensor for highly sensitive and selective uric acid detection and its smartphone application

“…7 Therefore, it is highly significant to establish effective methods for UA detection. Currently, tremendous efforts are being made to monitor the level of UA using methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 8 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 9 colorimetry, 10,11 electrochemistry, 12,13 fluorometry, 14 electrochemical-surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (EC-SERS), 15,16 long range surface plasmon resonance (LRSPR) method 17 and so on. For example, H. Mizuguchi et al constructed an enzyme-free electrochemical biosensor using track-etched membrane electrodes (TEMEs) and non-enzymatic catalysts, 18 in which the μM-level of UA can be easily detected.…”

Enhancing Hydrogels with Quantum Dots

“…In nano-and microscale engineering, the encapsulation of quantum dots and the use of microfluidics showcase precision engineering trends in augmenting hydrogel functionality, particularly in sensing and detection, illustrating their versatility in identifying substances ranging from metal ions to biomolecules [44,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59].…”