A novel nanospray capillary zone electrophoresis/mass spectrometry interface

Hsieh, F.; Baronas, Elizabeth; Muir, Craig; Martin, Stephen A.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(19990115)13:1<67::aid-rcm453>3.0.co;2-f

Cited by 48 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…ESI is the method of choice for producing gas phase ions from solution because it is a very soft ionization method and is useful for the ionization of larger molecules or biomolecules. ESI-MS can be used for the analysis of complex mixtures [1][2][3][4][5] and is commonly used to couple separation techniques, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [6][7][8][9], capillary electrophoresis (CE) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], or microchannel electrophoresis (ME) [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] with MS. Many sample introduction methods, particularly those that employ separations, rely on pressure driven flow for sample introduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Electrospray Ionization Emitters with Differing Geometries with Respect to Flow Rate and Electrospray Voltage

Reschke

Timperman

2011

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The performance of several electrospray ionization emitters with different orifice inside diameters (i.d.s), geometries, and materials are compared. The sample solution is delivered by pressure driven flow, and the electrospray ionization voltage and flow rate are varied systematically for each emitter investigated, while the signal intensity of a standard is measured. The emitters investigated include a series of emitters with a tapered outside diameters (o.d.) and unaltered i.d.s, a series of emitters with tapered o.d.s and i.d.s, an emitter with a monolithic frit and a tapered o.d., and an emitter fabricated from polypropylene. The results show that for the externally etched emitters, signal was nearly independent of i.d. and better ion utilization was achieved at lower flow rates. Furthermore, emitters with a 50 μm i.d. and an etched o.d. produced about 1.5 times more signal than etched emitters with smaller i.d.s and about 3.5 times more signal than emitters with tapered inner and outer dimensions. Additionally, the work presented here has important implications for applications in which maximizing signal intensity and reducing frictional resistance to flow are necessary. Overall, the work provides an initial assessment of the critical parameters that contribute to maximizing the signal for electrospray ionization sources interfaced with pressure driven flows.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Electrospray Ionization Emitters with Differing Geometries with Respect to Flow Rate and Electrospray Voltage

Reschke

Timperman

2011

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Primarily, it is the peak width of capillary-zone-electrophoresis peaks that define acquisition-rate requirements [157,158], with typical data-acquisition rates in the range 10-100 Hz, which is easy to achieve from current sampling electronics. Shorter capillary lengths can require faster acquisition rates, whereas slower rates may be satisfactory with longer capillaries.…”

Section: Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portable capillary-based (non-chip) capillary electrophoresis

Ryvolová

Preisler

Brabazon

et al. 2010

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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Miniaturized, portable instrumentation has been gaining popularity in all areas of analytical chemistry. Capillary electrophoresis (CE), due to its main strengths of high separation efficiency, relatively short analysis time and low consumption of chemicals, is a particularly suitable technique for use in portable analytical instrumentation. In line with the general trend in miniaturization in chemistry utilizing microfluidic chips, the main thrust of portable CE (P-CE) systems development is towards chip-based miniaturized CE. Despite this, capillary-based (non-chip) P-CE systems have certain unmatched advantages, especially in the relative simplicity of the regular cylindrical geometry of the CE capillary, maximal volume-to-surface ratio, no need to design and to fabricate a chip, the low costs of capillary compared to chip, and better performance with some detection techniques. This review presents an overview of the state of the art of P-CE and literature relevant to future developments. We pay particular attention to the development and the potential of miniaturization of functional parts for P-CE. These include components related to sample introduction, separation and detection, which are the key elements in P-CE design. The future of P-CE may be in relatively simple, rugged designs (e.g., using a short piece of capillary fixed to a chip-sized platform on which injection and detection parts can be mounted). Electrochemical detection is well suited for miniaturization, so is probably the most suitable detection technique for P-CE, but optical detection is gaining interest, especially due to miniaturized light sources (e.g., light-emitting diodes).

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“…A sheath or make-up flow [5][6][7] can be used to mix with the CE effluent at the outlet to establish the electrical contact. While for sheathless interfaces the electrical contact was established by direct application of high voltage (HV) via a conductive coating at the capillary tip, [8][9][10][11] through a liquid junction by inserting a narrow metal wire into the capillary outlet or utilization of a stainless steel tip, [12][13][14][15] or just through the CE high voltage. [16][17][18] However, problems such as coating damage and formation of air bubbles [19] may occur at the physical interface between the electrode and the buffer solution.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sheathless interface to match flow rate of capillary electrophoresis with electrospray mass spectrometry using regular‐sized capillary

Yin

Guan

et al. 2016

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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RATIONALE:The flow rate match has been a great challenge when coupling capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Conventional CE-ESI-MS interfaces used liquid sheath flow, narrowed capillary or additional pressure to meet this requirement; sacrifice of either capillary inner diameter (i.d.) or separation efficiency is often inevitable. Thus, a regular-sized capillary-based sheathless interface would be attractive for flow rate match in CE-MS. METHODS:The regular-sized capillary-based CE-MS interface was achieved by coupling CE with induced electrospray ionization (iESI) which was stimulated by the fact that the iESI could both achieve flow rate down to 0.2 μL/min and retain ionization efficiency. The CE-iESI-MS interface was completed with an intact separation capillary, outside the outlet end of which a metal electrode was attached for the application of alternating current (ac) high voltage (HV). RESULTS: The feasibility of this CE-iESI-MS interface was demonstrated through the stable total ion chromatograms obtained by continuous CE infusion of tripropylamine with regular-sized capillaries. Tripropylamine and atenolol were separated and detected successfully in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) by CE-iESI-MS using a 50 or 75 μm i.d. capillary. Furthermore, this new interface showed a better signal-to-noise (S/N) of 3 to 7 times enhancement compared with another sheathless CE-ESI-MS interface that using one high voltage for both separation and electrospray when analyzing the mixture of tripropylamine and proline in NH 4 OAc buffer. In addition, the reproducibility of this interface gave satisfactory results with relative standard deviation (RSD) in retention time in the range between 1% and 3%. CONCLUSIONS: The novel sheathless CE-MS interface introduced here could match conventional electroosmotic flow (EOF) with electrospray which could also preserve the separation efficiency and sensitivity of CE-MS. This newly developed CE-iESI-MS interface was also demonstrated to be effective for different buffers, PBS and NH 4 OAc, without any additives such as methanol and acetic acid. Hence, we believe that this sheathless CE-MS interface could be operated with other nonvolatile and volatile buffers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The combination of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and mass spectrometry (MS) [1][2][3] has become a powerful technique for separation and detection of a broad range of compounds since it was introduced in the late 1980s. [4] To date, electrospray ionization (ESI) has been the most frequently used interface for CE-MS coupling. However, there are two major challenges when interfacing CE with ESI-MS. One is to maintain a constant electrical contact for both CE separation and the ESI process. A sheath or make-up flow [5][6][7] can be used to mix with the CE effluent at the outlet to establish the electrical contact. While for sheathless interfaces the electrical contact was established by direct application of high voltage (HV) via a conductiv...

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A novel nanospray capillary zone electrophoresis/mass spectrometry interface

Cited by 48 publications

References 32 publications

A Study of Electrospray Ionization Emitters with Differing Geometries with Respect to Flow Rate and Electrospray Voltage

A Study of Electrospray Ionization Emitters with Differing Geometries with Respect to Flow Rate and Electrospray Voltage

Portable capillary-based (non-chip) capillary electrophoresis

Sheathless interface to match flow rate of capillary electrophoresis with electrospray mass spectrometry using regular‐sized capillary

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