A Novel Natural Active Coagulant Agent Extracted from the Sugarcane Bagasse for Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

The performance of extracted coagulant from the sugarcane bagasse was tested using synthetic wastewater for turbidity removal. Sugarcane bagasse was selected because it is available in abundance as a waste. This study was carried out to analyze the effect of the extraction process in optimizing the active coagulant agent of bagasse as a natural coagulant for optimum turbidity removal. Bagasse was characterized in terms of physical, chemical and morphological properties. The results showed bagasse has very high polysaccharide content which can act as an active coagulant agent together with hemicellulose and lignin. The extraction process for degradation of lignin and hemicellulose was run based on two different solvents (NaOH and H2SO4) with varying concentrations from 2% to 10% at different extraction temperatures varied from 60 °C to 180 °C for various extraction times (0.5 h to 3 h). The optimum polysaccharide content extracted from bagasse was 697.5 mg/mL by using 2% NaOH at 120 °C for 2 h extraction. The coagulation process using extracted bagasse showed the removal of suspended solids up to 95.9% under optimum conditions. The concentration of polysaccharides as the active coagulant agent plays a vital role where high polysaccharides content removes most turbidity at a lower dosage. Bagasse has the potential to be an alternative coagulating agent due to its efficiency, and eco-friendly properties for the treatment of wastewater.

Parametrical Study for the Effective Removal of Mordant Black 11 from Synthetic Solutions: Moringa oleifera Seeds’ Extracts Versus Alum

“…Due to their biodegradability and environmental friendliness, the use of natural coagulants in water treatment has become essential. In recent years, there have been numerous reports of natural coagulants derived from diverse plant species, including Jatropha curcas [15], banana peels [16], bagasse [17], Aleppo pine seeds, prickly pear and Aloe vera mucilage [18]. In accordance with these results, natural coagulants have a high prospect of replacing the traditional chemical coagulant, since they demonstrate promising treatment performance.…”

Prospects and challenges of utilizing sugarcane bagasse as a bio-coagulant precursor for water treatment

“… Solvent used Yield of bio-coagulant (%) SSA (m 2 /g) Optimum dosage (mg/L) Optimum pH Coagulation efficiency (%) Refs. NaOH 79.5 – 90.0 7.5 97.30 [41] AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O/ NH 4 OH – 913.0 150 – 96.06 [42] H 2 SO 4 – – – – 90.00 [43] HCl or H 2 SO 4 – – – 8.0 99.90 [44] NaOH or H 2 SO 4 50 4.0 95.00 [45] …”

Saccharum officinarum Bio-coagulant for Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment

“…The coagulation mechanism of natural coagulants can be either interparticle bridging or charge neutralization. According to Bahrodin et al (Bahrodin et al 2022), the coagulation mechanism of Saccharum o cinarum is interparticle bridging and not charge neutralization. Interparticle bridging relies on the polymeric chain that extends and attaches to pollutants or colloids and forms a complex structure of coagulant-colloid-coagulant.…”

“…Interparticle bridging relies on the polymeric chain that extends and attaches to pollutants or colloids and forms a complex structure of coagulant-colloid-coagulant. Bahrodin et al (Bahrodin et al 2022) have also identi ed the active coagulant agent of Saccharum o cinarum is an extremely high polysaccharide content and according to the FT-IR analysis, the carboxyl group is part of the functional group. Guo et al (Guo et al 2017) state that the carboxyl group (-COOH) is the functional group that makes the polysaccharide acidic.…”