Tracking carboxylesterases (CESs) through noninvasive
and dynamic
imaging is of great significance for diagnosing and treating CES-related
metabolic diseases. Herein, three BODIPY-based fluorescent probes
with a pyridine unit quaternarized via an acetoxybenzyl group were
designed and synthesized to detect CESs based on the photoinduced
electron transfer process. Notably, among these probes, BDPN2-CES
exhibited a remarkable 182-fold fluorescence enhancement for CESs
within 10 min. Moreover, BDPN2-CES successfully enabled real-time
imaging of endogenous CES variations in living cells. Using BDPN2-CES,
a visual high-throughput screening method for CES inhibitors was established,
culminating in the discovery of an efficient inhibitor, WZU-13, sourced
from a chemical library. These findings suggest that BDPN2-CES could
provide a new avenue for diagnosing CES-related diseases, and WZU-13
emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate for CES-overexpression
pathological processes.