“…where Y = [y 1 , y 2 , ..., y N ] is the hyperspectral image matrix, A = [α 1 , α 2 , ..., α N ] and N = [n 1 , n 2 , ..., n N ] represent the abundance matrix and the noise matrix, respectively. Due to physical limitations and constraints, the abundance needs to satisfy two constraints, namely the abundance sum-to-one constraint (ASC, ∑ m j=1 α j = 1) and the abundance nonnegative constraint (ANC, α j ≥ 0, j = 1, 2, ..., m) [10].…”