As the oil and gas industry continues to evolve, the utilization of advanced materials becomes crucial for maximizing efficiency and productivity. Nanoemulsions (NEs) have emerged as a promising solution for various downhole applications. Their unique properties, enhanced stability, and improved performance have led to applications in enhanced oil recovery, drilling fluids, fracturing fluids, and produced water treatment. However, while NEs offer significant advantages, production costs, stability during transportation and storage, as well as scale-up challenges must be carefully considered. This chapter aims to provide an overview of NEs for oil and gas applications, discussing the current benchmark, potential implementation, properties, and various applications. Furthermore, it will provide recommendations and insights on how to effectively implement NEs in the field. It is important to recognize that the ongoing research and development efforts hold the potential to further revolutionize the oil and gas applications and contribute to a more sustainable processes and operations.