“…Microorganism-activated or microorganism-immobilized Bio-PRBs have been developed to remove contaminants, such as heavy metals [e.g., Cr(VI), 34 Cu(II), and Zn(II) 62 ], monoaromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., o-NCB, 24 PHE, 28 and NB 35 ), chlorinated hydrocarbons (e.g., TCE, 33 1,1,2-TCA, 63 and 1,1,1-TCA 64 ), metalloids [e.g., As(V), 26 Se(VI), 30 and V(V) 36 ], radioactive contaminants [e.g., U(VI) 48 ], and emerging contaminants [e.g., tetracycline (TC), 37 1,4-dioxane, 32 atenolol, ciprofloxacin, and giferozil 23 ]. The extensive results showed that k and η increased by 40−2650% and 25−400%, respectively, in both Bio-PRBs mentioned above (Table 1).…”