“…For instance, the zwitterion material used in this study, sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA), has an ammonium moiety (NH 4+ ) and a sulfite group (SO 3− ), and they can bond with eight water molecules employing electrostatic cooperation without significant induced stretching [ 37 ]. A few common techniques, such as biomimetic bonds [ 38 ], joining[ 17 , 39 ], mixing [ 40 ], interfacial polymerization [ 36 ] and surface throwing [ 34 ] can enable the effective preparation of adjusted zwitterion into the layers. In other surface-adjustment strategies, mixing is progressively more viable for layer change for a few reasons: there is no pre-treatment required, it is a straightforward activity, and the resultant film exhibits incredible solidity.…”