A Novel Planar Structure for Implementing Power Divider or Balun With Variable Power Division

Abstract

A simple and analytical design methodology for a novel planar four-port structure to implement power divider (PD) or balun with variable power division is proposed in this paper. It consists of two different 3 dB branch-line couplers and one coupled-line phase shifter whose length can be changed to implement variable power division. Different from the previous designs, the power divider and balun with variable power division can be realized in only one circuit by changing the electrical length θ 0 of the coupled line when the impedance ratio g is selected. According to the ABCD parameters and linear algebra calculation, closed-form mathematical equations for the circuit electrical values and scattering parameters can be obtained. A prototype with this proposed circuit, operating at 2 GHz, has been designed and fabricated using microstrip technology. Good agreements between the calculated and measured results verify our design.

Energy-recycling full-duplex radios for next-generation networks

“…Quantitatively, the obtained results are significantly better than the performance increase achieved for the signaling in the backward phase. This could have been expected since no interference is affecting the OFDMA decoding at the SNs, provided that the signaling satisfy the constraints in (27). The absence of interference also implies that the impact of a TX power change on η R is less evident in this case than in any of the previous tests.…”

“…In this context, variable gain variants of such power dividers/balun have been the subject of intense research in last years. Relevant examples of the outcome of these efforts are the variable gain Wilkinson power divider proposed and implemented in microstrip for microwave applications in [26] or, more recently, the variable power division balun proposed and implemented in microstrip in [27]. In the proposed architecture, the outputs of the divider are two attenuated replicas of the input signal, i.e., the IC and the EC.…”

“…We start by noting that (27) implies that dim null D j FBH ∇ s = N + L − |N j |. Hence, the ith SN can transmit up to N + L − |N j | independent information streams for signaling in the backward phase.…”

A Suspended Six-Port Transformer-Based Power Divider for 2.4 GHz Applications

“…The reported power dividers [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ] can be classified into active and passive types. Active power dividers usually use two common-drain FETs [ 13 ] or Darlington cell [ 14 ] topologies to achieve single-to-differential outputs by adopting advanced processes.…”

“…Despite the advantage of compact size, active dividers are unsuitable for portable systems due to extra power dissipation. Passive dividers, on the other hand, are mostly realized in monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) technology [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ] and are seldom performed in MEMS process [ 19 ] to split unequal power signal into differential. However, it is still a challenge to implement a power divider with miniaturized size by cause of the limitation of wavelength.…”