A novel process for recovery of phenol from alkaline wastewater: laboratory study and predesign cost estimate

Abstract

where ®V represents the polystyrene backbone. In fact, the mechanism may be realized through two steps: organic phasewhere ®V P+Cl-and ®V P+C 6 H50-represent the active sites before and after the reaction of C6H50aqueous with the active center of the catalyst, and kaq and korg are the rate constants based on aqueous-and organic-phase reactions, respectively. The overall reaction is

Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto organomodified Tirebolu bentonite: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study

“…The utilization of phenol-contaminated waters causes protein degeneration, tissue erosion, paralysis of the central nervous system and also damages the kidney, liver and pancreas in human bodies [3]. According to the recommendation of World Health Organization (WHO), the permissible concentration of phenolic contents in potable waters is 1 g L −1 [4] and the regulations by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), call for lowering phenol content in wastewaters less than 1 mg L −1 [5]. Therefore, removal of phenols from waters and wastewaters is an important issue in order to protect public health and environment.…”

Preparation of novel nano-adsorbent based on organic–inorganic hybrid and their adsorption for heavy metals and organic pollutants presented in water environment

“…On the other hand, phenol contaminants in wastewaters generated from petroleum, coal conversion, and phenol producing industries are considered one of the priority pollutants in wastewater, because they were harmful to organisms even at low concentrations [4,5], so that they had been classified as hazardous pollutants based on their potential toxicity to human health. Therefore, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations call for lowering phenol content in wastewater to less than 1 ppm [6].…”

Removal of phenol from aqueous phase by using neutralized red mud

“…Dutta et al [3] classified the treatment processes for phenolic wastewater into two principal categories: destructive process such as destructive oxidation with ozone [4], hydrogen peroxide [5], or manganese oxides [6], and recuperative processes such as adsorption [7] and membrane separation [8].…”