A novel production method of antimony trioxide from stibnite concentrate and the dielectric properties of antimony sulfide with different desulfurizer

Present Status and Future Perspective of Antimony Chalcogenide (Sb2X3) Photovoltaics

“…159 Furthermore, SnO 2 has a larger band gap, which would show a low sensitivity to UV degradation and a better long-term stability. 97 P3HT based Sb 2 S 3 devices have higher FF and operate more stable than those based on CuSCN or spiro-OMeTAD as the HTL, regardless of the solar intensity. Both P3HT and Sb 2 S 3 have a hydrophobic nature; therefore, P3HT efficiently wets the Sb 2 S 3 surface, forming an intimate charge transfer contact.…”

“…Sb 2 X 3 is not on the lists of highly toxic materials by American, European Union, or Chinese regulation authorities or in the lethal dose LD50 or lethal concentration LCt50 data . These materials have been explored for various device applications, such as television cameras with photoconducting targets, Na- and Li-ion batteries, , thermoelectric cooling devices, visible to near-infrared detectors, light-responsive photocatalysis such as hydrogen generation, , switching devices, PV structures, and resonant laser cavity and optical data storage devices …”

“…SnO 2 demonstrates excellent electron transport and hole blocking properties, along with high-transmittance and antireflection effects; therefore, it is a promising ETL for Sb 2 S 3 solar cells . Furthermore, SnO 2 has a larger band gap, which would show a low sensitivity to UV degradation and a better long-term stability . P3HT based Sb 2 S 3 devices have higher FF and operate more stable than those based on CuSCN or spiro-OMeTAD as the HTL, regardless of the solar intensity.…”

“…11 These materials have been explored for various device applications, such as television cameras with photoconducting targets, 89 Na-and Li-ion batteries, 90,91 thermoelectric cooling devices, 89 visible to near-infrared detectors, 92 light-responsive photocatalysis such as hydrogen generation, 93,94 switching devices, 95 PV structures, 96 and resonant laser cavity and optical data storage devices. 97 The active research on Sb 2 X 3 solar cells started in 2021. 84 Remarkable achievements have been made in Sb 2 X 3 solar cells in the past few years with the PCE values reaching 9.2% in 2019, 27 10.10% 98 and 10.5% in 2020, 29 to 10.7% in 2021, 99 thus heading toward the PCE levels required for industrial applications.…”

Kinetics of microwave carbothermal reduction of Sb2O3: Isothermal and non‐isothermal microwave thermogravimetric analysis

“…[16][17][18][19][20][21] The attention of scientific community on utilization of microwave heating technology for antimony metallurgy is very primitive. A review of the literature reveals the use of microwaves for the oxidation roasting of antimony sulfide ore and the microwave carbothermal reduction of antimony oxide ore. [22][23][24] However, attempts to understand the mechanism of microwave heating in the carbothermal reduction process are not well reported, which hinders its widespread utilization.…”