“…In addition, the role of PFA for ventricular tissue ablation is also under investigation. 54 – 56 Nonetheless, unresolved issues surrounding PFA remain. These include efficacy—namely, acute/intraprocedural assessment of reversible versus irreversible electroporation—as well as safety concerns largely related to electrolysis giving rise to microbubbles within the blood pool with the potential for micro-emboli, hemolysis, and hemoglobinuria with resultant acute kidney injury and also severe coronary spasm.…”