A Novel Radiological Score System to Assess the Clinical Severity in Patients with Acute Cerebellitis

Calandrelli, Rosalinda; Panfili, Marco; Tran, Huong Elena; Colosimo, Cesare; Pilato, Fabio

doi:10.1007/s12311-022-01377-5

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 28 publications

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“…3,4 The development of the cerebellum is a lengthy process, beginning during the embryonic period up to the first years of life. This slow and protracted process makes it a really vulnerable organ, liable to different insults, responsible for many developmental disorders [5][6][7][8][9][10] such as Dandy-Walker syndrome, medulloblastoma, dystroglycanopathy, pontocerebellar hypoplasia, tubulinopathies, and Joubert's syndrome. Ultrasonography and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in early detection and observation of cerebellar malformations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalies of Midbrain/Hindbrain Development: Malformations of Cerebellum: Diagnosis, Classification, and Rehabilitative Hypothesis

Liotta,

Dierna,

Zanghì

et al. 2024

Journal of Pediatric Neurology

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Extensive research has been conducted on the cerebellum, making it one of the most thoroughly investigated regions of the brain. It plays a fundamental role not only in motor control but also in motor learning and cognition. The development of the cerebellum is a lengthy process, beginning during the embryonic period up to the first years of life. This slow and protracted process makes it a vulnerable organ liable to different insults, responsible for many developmental disorders such as Dandy–Walker syndrome, medulloblastoma, dystroglicanopathy, pontocerebellar hypoplasia, thubulinopathies, and Jubert syndrome. Due to several factors, the true prevalence of cerebellar malformations is not known in most cases. The cerebellum undergoes development through following four fundamental stages:(1) Identification of the cerebellar region at the boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain.(2) Establishment of two cell proliferation compartments: firstly, Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclei emerge from the ventricular zone of the metencephalic alar plate; secondly, granule cell precursors are generated from a separate proliferation compartment known as the upper rhombic lip.(3) Migration of granule cells toward the interior: granule precursor cells constitute the external granular layer (EGL), and during the initial postnatal year, granule cells migrate inward to their final position in the internal granular layer.(4) Formation of cerebellar circuitry and subsequent differentiation.Based on different types of involvement of the structures detected in the brain magnetic resonance, the classification of brainstem and cerebellar anomalies is divided into three categories: (1) mainly the cerebellum, (2) mainly the brain stem, and (3) both involved. This review will outline the developmental processes of the cerebellum and delve into common developmental disorders associated with it, including the Dandy–Walker syndrome, cerebellar hypoplasia, rhomboencephalosynapsis, lissencephaly, and gray matter heterotopias.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalies of Midbrain/Hindbrain Development: Malformations of Cerebellum: Diagnosis, Classification, and Rehabilitative Hypothesis

Liotta,

Dierna,

Zanghì

et al. 2024

Journal of Pediatric Neurology

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Extremely Preterm Infants with a Near-total Absence of Cerebellum: Usefulness of Quantitative Magnetic Resonance in Predicting the Motor Outcome

Calandrelli,

Tuzza,

Romeo

et al. 2023

Cerebellum

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COVID-19-Associated Cerebellitis: A Case Report and Rehabilitation Outcome

Tedeschi,

Amoruso,

Boetto

et al. 2024

Cerebellum

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Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought attention to neurological complications, including cerebellitis, characterized by inflammation of the cerebellum. Despite its rare occurrence, cerebellitis has been associated with COVID-19 infection, albeit the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Case report. We present the case of a 22-year-old male with acute onset ataxia and dysarthria during a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Diagnostic evaluations ruled out other causes, confirming cerebellitis. Treatment included steroid therapy, vitamin supplementation, physiotherapy, and intravenous immunoglobulins. Rehabilitation focused on enhancing balance, coordination, and daily activities. The patient showed significant improvement in functional abilities, with increased autonomy in daily activities and improved ambulation. Despite persistent mild symptoms, the multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach led to remarkable progress. Conclusions. This case underscores the importance of recognizing and managing neurological complications, such as cerebellitis, in COVID-19 patients. A comprehensive approach combining medical treatment and rehabilitation is essential for optimizing outcomes. Further research is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis and optimal management strategies for such complications.

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A Novel Radiological Score System to Assess the Clinical Severity in Patients with Acute Cerebellitis

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Anomalies of Midbrain/Hindbrain Development: Malformations of Cerebellum: Diagnosis, Classification, and Rehabilitative Hypothesis

Anomalies of Midbrain/Hindbrain Development: Malformations of Cerebellum: Diagnosis, Classification, and Rehabilitative Hypothesis

Extremely Preterm Infants with a Near-total Absence of Cerebellum: Usefulness of Quantitative Magnetic Resonance in Predicting the Motor Outcome

COVID-19-Associated Cerebellitis: A Case Report and Rehabilitation Outcome

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