A novel reaction mechanism for the synthesis of coconut oil-derived biopolyol for rigid poly(urethane-urea) hybrid foam application

Dingcong, Roger G.; Malaluan, Roberto M.; Alguno, Arnold C.; Estrada, Dave Joseph E.; Lubguban, Alona A.; Resurreccion, Eleazer P.; Dumancas, Gerard G.; Al-Moameri, Harith; Lubguban, Arnold A.

doi:10.1039/d2ra06776e

Cited by 12 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…After 30 min, , the COPUAP was cooled down at ambient temperature, and its viscosity was evaluated using a DV3T viscometer (AMETEK Brookfield, Middleborough, MA) at 25 ± 0.5 °C. The attainment of the torque ranging from 30 to 40% was indicative of the completion of the prepolymerization process …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal conductivity for both RPUAF was tested using a FOX 200 heat flow meter (Laser-Comp, Wakefield, MA) according to ASTM C518-2017 (sample size 150 × 150 × 20 mm) . The thermal performance of the prepared foams was evaluated on a PerkinElmer DSC 4000 (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA) with a heating rate of 10 °C/min (sample weight 10–20 mg), and the thermal stability of both foams was measured with TGA performed under nitrogen atmosphere at 10 °C/min from −50 to 800 °C using a Shimadzu DTG 60H (Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent studies mentioned above have demonstrated that p -CDEA when used as a polyol component for rigid polyurethane-urea foam (RPUAF) application yielded poor mechanical and thermal properties compared to petroleum-based PU foam. , This is due to the short to medium chain length of p -CDEA that affects the cross-linking density during foaming, which leads to weaker cell walls. , The presence of amino esters initiates a catalytic effect and leads to a rapid bubble formation. Also, the presence of short-chain molecules such as free glycerol in p -CDEA decelerates polymer chain propagation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the presence of short-chain molecules such as free glycerol in p -CDEA decelerates polymer chain propagation. This phenomenon ultimately reduces the resistance of cell walls during foam cell expansion. , As a result, the p -CDEA-based RPUAF has inferior mechanical and thermal properties compared to the traditional petroleum-based rigid PU foam. ,, Thus, it is important to enhance significant factors that affect RPUAF’s structural integrity, which include the polyol’s chemical properties and cross-linking capacity. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prepolymerization, which has been used in the field of PU production, has been employed as a viable solution in this study to overcome the short-chain drawback of using p -CDEA in rigid foam production. , Prepolymerization is a reaction mechanism in the production of PU that serves to cross-link soft and hard segments as well as provide control in viscosity, molecular weight, and reactivity. , By facilitating polyol chain lengthening and cross-linking capability, the formation of uniform and enhanced cellular structure can prevent foam rupture during cell growth, thereby improving the mechanical and thermal properties of the foam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of High-Performance Coconut Oil-Based Rigid Polyurethane-Urea Foam: A Novel Sequential Amidation and Prepolymerization Process

Hipulan,

Dingcong,

Estrada

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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The utilization of coconut diethanolamide (p-CDEA) as a substitute polyol for petroleum-based polyol in fully biobased rigid polyurethane-urea foam (RPUAF) faces challenges due to its short chain and limited cross-linking capability. This leads to compromised cell wall resistance during foam expansion, resulting in significant ruptured cells and adverse effects on mechanical and thermal properties. To address this, a novel sequential amidation-prepolymerization route was employed on coconut oil, yielding a hydroxyl-terminated poly(urethane-urea) prepolymer polyol (COPUAP). Compared to p-CDEA, COPUAP exhibited a decreased hydroxyl value (496.3−473.2 mg KOH/g), an increase in amine value (13.464−24.561 mg KOH/g), and an increase in viscosity (472.4−755.8 mPa•s), indicating enhanced functionality of 34.3 mgKOH/g and chain lengthening. Further, COPUAP was utilized as the sole B-side polyol in the production of RPUAF (PU-COPUAP). The improved functionality of COPUAP and its improved cross-linking capability during foaming have significantly improved cell morphology, resulting in a remarkable 4.7-fold increase in compressive strength (132−628 kPa), a 3.5-fold increase in flexural strength (232−828 kPa), and improved insulation properties with a notable decrease in thermal conductivity (48.02−34.52 mW/m•K) compared to PU-CDEA in the literature. Additionally, PU-COPUAP exhibited a 16.5% increase in the water contact angle (114.93°to 133.87°), attributing to the formation of hydrophobic biuret segments and a tightly packed, highly cross-linked structure inhibiting water penetration. This innovative approach sets a new benchmark for fully biobased rigid foam production, delivering high load-bearing capacity, exceptional insulation, and significantly improved hydrophobicity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Development of High-Performance Coconut Oil-Based Rigid Polyurethane-Urea Foam: A Novel Sequential Amidation and Prepolymerization Process

Hipulan,

Dingcong,

Estrada

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

Self Cite

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Development of a Catalyst System for Enhanced Properties of Coconut Diethanolamide-Based Rigid Poly(urethane-urea) Foam

Bondaug,

Dingcong,

Hipulan

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Coconut diethanolamide (CDEA)-based rigid polyurethane (PU) foams are gaining prominence as a viable and promising substitute for their petroleum-based counterparts. However, the inherent autocatalytic effects from the reactive amine moieties in CDEA disrupt the conventional balance of the gelling and blowing kinetics, compromising the final PU properties. This necessitates the development of a tailored catalytic system for CDEA-based PU formulations. In this study, the influence of the different catalyst systems (single and combined) on the kinetics, chemical, physicomechanical, and thermal properties of CDEA-based poly(urethane-urea) rigid foam was systematically investigated. The variations of the catalyst system demonstrate a notable effect on the chemical and physical structure of the CDEA-based PU material. This correlates with the changes in foam’s physicomechanical properties, thus establishing a discernible catalyst-structure-properties relationship. The most favorable properties based on established standards for rigid insulation foams were attained using a catalyst system (DMCHA + DABCO-33LV), at a 0.35% w/w loading and 1:1 mass ratio, improving the compressive strength by 26.4%, compared to the single-catalyst system. This material has stable recoverability at 5% compression strain, a water contact angle of 133.3°, and a coefficient of thermal conductivity of 38.2 mW/m·K. The interplay of dual amine-based catalysis created a delicate balance of reaction rates in polymerization, producing an excellent foam structure, thus improving the foam’s physicomechanical properties. This catalytic system establishes a baseline for advancing the evolving CDEA-based polyurethane (PU) system, paving the way for a more environmentally friendly and sustainable polymer industry.

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Valorization of Agricultural Rice Straw as a Sustainable Feedstock for Rigid Polyurethane/Polyisocyanurate Foam Production

Dingcong,

Ahalajal,

Mendija

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Agricultural rice straw (RS), often discarded as waste in farmlands, represents a vast and underutilized resource. This study explores the valorization of RS as a potential feedstock for rigid polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam (RPUF) production. The process begins with the liquefaction of RS to create an RS-based polyol, which is then used in a modified foam formulation to prepare RPUFs. The resulting RPUF samples were comprehensively characterized according to their physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The results demonstrated that up to 50% by weight of petroleum-based polyol can be substituted with RS-based polyol to produce a highly functional RPUF. The obtained foams exhibited a notably low apparent density of 18−24 kg/m 3 , exceptional thermal conductivity ranging from 0.031−0.041 W/m-K, and a high compressive strength exceeding 250 kPa. This study underlines the potential of the undervalued agricultural RS as a green alternative to petroleum-based feedstocks to produce a highvalue RPUF. Additionally, the findings contribute to the sustainable utilization of abundant agricultural waste while offering an ecofriendly option for various applications, including construction materials and insulation.

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A novel reaction mechanism for the synthesis of coconut oil-derived biopolyol for rigid poly(urethane-urea) hybrid foam application

Abstract: Synthesis of a coconut oil-based biopolyol via sequential glycerolysis and amidation; and its subsequent use as a sole polyol for rigid poly(urethane-urea) hybrid foam production.

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Development of High-Performance Coconut Oil-Based Rigid Polyurethane-Urea Foam: A Novel Sequential Amidation and Prepolymerization Process

Development of High-Performance Coconut Oil-Based Rigid Polyurethane-Urea Foam: A Novel Sequential Amidation and Prepolymerization Process

Development of a Catalyst System for Enhanced Properties of Coconut Diethanolamide-Based Rigid Poly(urethane-urea) Foam

Valorization of Agricultural Rice Straw as a Sustainable Feedstock for Rigid Polyurethane/Polyisocyanurate Foam Production

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