A novel scan pattern for reconfiguration of partially shaded photovoltaic arrays for maximum power extraction

Abstract

Reconfiguration plays an indispensable role in augmenting the output of the photovoltaic (PV) array under partial shading conditions. Various reconfiguration schemes have been proposed in the literature to disperse the shade in partially shaded PV arrays. Nevertheless, most of these schemes can be employed only for less‐rated arrays, are not compatible with all array sizes, fails in effective shade dispersion over the entire array, and so forth. To overcome these shortcomings, a calligraphy‐based diagonal scan pattern is proposed to reconfigure the PV array to improve the row currents of the PV array thereby reducing the mismatch between them. The superiority of the proposed scheme is examined by comparing it with conventional Series‐Parallel, Total‐Cross‐Tied, and the existing image processing based‐Chaotic Baker Map, Odd‐Even, and Odd‐Even‐Prime configurations. Besides, the system is extensively studied for various symmetrical 9 × 9, 8 × 8, 4 × 4, and unsymmetrical 8 × 6 PV arrays under 34 distinct shading cases with various performance indices. An experimental laboratory prototype model of a 4 × 4 PV array reconfiguration system is developed and studied under distinct shading conditions. Subsequently, an inclusive economic analysis is also conducted, and it is noted that there is a notable enhancement in electricity units and revenue generation by executing the proposed reconfiguration scheme.

Solar Array Optimization Using Cryptographic Fibonacci Transformation for Global Power Enhancement and Ease of MPPT Controllers

“…. This is called Binet's formula, [37] named after the French mathematician Binet. Fibonacci numbers F n can be written as A formal image encryption approach employs transformation matrices to relocate the pixels of an image.…”

“…A PV array is typically made up of several series‐parallel PV modules, each of which can be built using several series‐parallel PV cells. In this work, a commonly used one‐diode model [ 37,38 ] is provided to describe the generating characteristic of a PV cell, as illustrated in Figure 1 . The current of the PV cell can be expressed using Kirchhoff's current law as followswhere I represent solar cell output current, I ph is the light‐generated current, I d and I sh are the currents through the diode and shunt resistance.…”

“…Δ T is the deviation between the operating temperature ( T ) and the nominal temperature ( T ref ). Additionally, the PV cell's reverse saturation current [ 37,39 ] will be defined by…”

A novel hybrid image processing‐based reconfiguration with RBF neural network MPPT approach for improving global maximum power and effective tracking of PV system

“…This makes the global maximum power (GMP) tracking among multiple LMPPs quite challenging. 3 The PS conditions can very easily lead to power losses, hot-spots formation effects, and problems related to the safety and reliability of PV systems. To address such issues, numerous strategies have been devised to successfully implement the GMP tracking of PV systems during PS conditions.…”

“…However, under the partial shadowing (PS) condition, the power versus voltage characteristics becomes very nonlinear exhibiting several local maximum power peaks (LMPPs). This makes the global maximum power (GMP) tracking among multiple LMPPs quite challenging 3 . The PS conditions can very easily lead to power losses, hot‐spots formation effects, and problems related to the safety and reliability of PV systems.…”