A novel second myostatin gene is present in teleost fish

Maccatrozzo, Lisa; Bargelloni, Luca; Cardazzo, Barbara; Rizzo, Giorgia; Patarnello, Tomaso

doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(01)03124-6

Cited by 81 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although cDNA clones have been characterized in many diverse fish species (Ostbye et al 2001, Roberts & Goetz 2001, Rescan et al 2001, Maccatrozzo et al 2001a, Kocabas et al 2002, Kerr et al 2005, very few genes have been completely characterized. This is particularly disconcerting since bony fish, especially teleosts, represent the largest group of extant vertebrates and many of these species are commercially important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification, characterization, and quantitative expression analysis of rainbow trout myostatin-1a and myostatin-1b genes

Garikipati¹,

Gahr²,

Rodgers³

2006

Journal of Endocrinology

102

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Myostatin is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. Although several cDNA clones have been characterized in different vertebrates, the genomic organization and bioactivity of non-mammalian homologs have not. The intron/exon organization and promoter subsequence analysis of two rainbow trout myostatin genes, rtMSTN-1a and rtMSTN-1b (formerly 1 and 2 respectively), as well as a quantitative assessment of their embryonic, larval, and adult tissue expression profiles are reported herein. Each gene was similarly organized into three exons of 490, 368, and 1600 bp for MSTN-1a and 486, 386, and 1419 bp for MSTN-1b. Comparative mapping of coding regions from several vertebrate myostatin genes revealed a common organization between species, including conserved pre-mRNA splice sites; the first among the fishes and the second across all vertebrate species. In silico subsequence analysis of the promoter regions identified E-boxes and other putative myogenic response elements. However, the number and diversity of elements were considerably less than those found in mammalian promoters or in the recently characterized zebrafish MSTN-2 gene. A quantitative analysis of the embryonic expression profile for both genes indicates that rtMSTN-1a expression is consistently greater than that of rtMSTN-1b and neither gene is significantly expressed throughout gastrulation. Expression of both steadily increases fourfold during somitogenesis and subsides as this period ends. After eyeing, however, rtMSTN-1a mRNA levels ultimately rise 20-fold by day 49 and peak before hatching and yolk sac absorption (YSA). Levels of rtMSTN-1b rise similarly, but do not peak before YSA. An analysis of adult (2-year-old fish) tissue expression indicates that both transcripts are present in most tissues although levels are highest in brain, testes, eyes, muscle, and surprisingly spleen. These studies suggest that strong selective pressures have preserved the genomic organization of myostatin genes throughout evolution. However, the different expression profiles and putative promoter elements in fishes versus mammals suggests that limitations in myostatin function may have evolved recently.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification, characterization, and quantitative expression analysis of rainbow trout myostatin-1a and myostatin-1b genes

Garikipati¹,

Gahr²,

Rodgers³

2006

Journal of Endocrinology

102

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“…MSTN-1 and MSTN-2 [8][9][10] . In transgenic Coho Salmon that over-expressed growth hormone (GH), MSTN-1 transcription level was not altered in muscle or brain, compared with wild-type adult Coho Salmon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MSTN-1 in S. aurata is expressed in muscle as well as in several other tissues, such as brain, eyes, intestine, kidney and heart, while MSTN-2 is expressed mainly in brain, including the olfactory and optic lobes [9,10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and application of rat myostatin antiserum

et al. 2009

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Objective To prepare and identify a polyclonal antibody against rat myostatin and investigate myostatin expression in the rat atrophic gastrocnemius muscle after tibial nerve crush. Methods The purified fusion protein was used as antigen to immunize rabbits for the preparation of polyclonal antibody. The polyclonal antibody of the protein was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western-blot and immunochemistry. Myostatin protein expression levels in normal and atrophic gastrocnemius muscle were detected by western-blot and immunochemistry assays. ResultsThe GST-myostatin had a purity of 96% and possessed high titer and specificity. The level of myostatin in gastrocnemius muscle significantly increased one week after tibial nerve crush, reached the peak on day 14, and then returned to normal level on day 28. Conclusion We have successfully made antiserum of rat myostatin and found that the expression level of myostatin protein in the gastrocnemius after tibial nerve crush-induced atrophy was time-dependent. This study provides an experimental basis to clarify the possible role of myostatin during skeletal muscle atrophy.

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“…It has been shown that the blockade of myostatin produces larger specimens of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), due to elevation of muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia processes [30][31][32][33]. Myostatin has been isolated and characterized in several fish species [29,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. In the present work, we have investigated the morphological characteristics and the expression of growth-related factors in skeletal muscle of pirarucu during growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%