A novel service level agreement model using blockchain and smart contract for cloud manufacturing in industry 4.0

Tan, Wenan; Zhu, Hai Ping; Tan, Jun; Zhao, Yao; Xu, Li Da; Guo, Kai

doi:10.1080/17517575.2021.1939426

Cited by 44 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Nevertheless, blockchain itself is ineffective for the design and development of data-intensive applications, which require huge computational power to mine and validate the blockchain [17][18][19]. Thus, the integration of blockchain and IoT, namely blockchain-IoT (BIoT), has become one of the current active research areas to overcome the challenges on storage capacity, scalability, security and data privacy in information systems [20]. Considering the BIoT, the interactions between blockchain and IoT can be classified into three types, namely (i) all IoT nodes have interacted with blockchain independently, (ii) some IoT nodes have interacted with blockchain and other IoT nodes, and (iii) some IoT nodes have interacted with blockchain, other IoT nodes, and cloud/fog/edge nodes.…”

Section: Blockchain and The Internet Of Thingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Blockchain-IoT Platform for the Smart Pallet Pooling Management

Tsang

Lee

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Pallet management as a backbone of logistics and supply chain activities is essential to supply chain parties, while a number of regulations, standards and operational constraints are considered in daily operations. In recent years, pallet pooling has been unconventionally advocated to manage pallets in a closed-loop system to enhance the sustainability and operational effectiveness, but pitfalls in terms of service reliability, quality compliance and pallet limitation when using a single service provider may occur. Therefore, this study incorporates a decentralisation mechanism into the pallet management to formulate a technological eco-system for pallet pooling, namely Pallet as a Service (PalletaaS), raised by the foundation of consortium blockchain and Internet of things (IoT). Consortium blockchain is regarded as the blockchain 3.0 to facilitate more industrial applications, except cryptocurrency, and the synergy of integrating a consortium blockchain and IoT is thus investigated. The corresponding layered architecture is proposed to structure the system deployment in the industry, in which the location-inventory-routing problem for pallet pooling is formulated. To demonstrate the values of this study, a case analysis to illustrate the human–computer interaction and pallet pooling operations is conducted. Overall, this study standardises the decentralised pallet management in the closed-loop mechanism, resulting in a constructive impact to sustainable development in the logistics industry.

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Section: Blockchain and The Internet Of Thingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Blockchain-IoT Platform for the Smart Pallet Pooling Management

Tsang

Lee

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Additionally, D'Angelo et al [12] review the challenges and requirements for enforcing accountability in Cloud infrastructures where violations of SLAs constitute an important and usual phenomenon and argue that smart contracts and blockchain technologies seem to establish a key contribution toward accountable Clouds. Finally, W. Tan et al [13] present a novel performant and secure SLA model where trust among the IaaS, their clientele and the third-party monitoring entities are addressed through blockchain. The authors argue that there is no effective supervision mechanism for the third-party that is responsible for the monitoring and no efficient compensation mechanism on SLA violation.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparative assessment table (Table 1) includes the relationships of the state-of-the-art literature presented throughout this section and supplements the analysis of the key differences and additions with regards to the proposed solution. Blockchain SLA Monitoring SLA Self-Assessment Tan et al [13] Performant SLA Cloud IaaS Supervision Without On-chain Intermediaries…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcing SLA Consensus on Blockchain

et al. 2021

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Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Service Level Agreements (SLAs) assessment constitutes the de facto area of interest and applications in the public cloud infrastructure. However, the domination of colossal corporations tends to monopolize the way metrics and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are measured and determined, leading to governed environments where the clientele is unable to obtain accurate and unbiased assessment of SLAs. Leaning toward SLA self-assessment, this paper provides a fair SLA consensus approach with innate transparency and privacy by leveraging permissioned blockchains that are equipped with Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs). The SLA assessment intelligence is performed inside enclaved smart contracts isolated from the on-chain entities views. The result constitutes a permissioned blockchain ecosystem where the IaaS and their clientele commonly agree on all the respective SLA monitoring and computation rules beforehand, as defined in any SLA assessment process, while the SLA consensus scheme constantly audits the SLA metrics based on these pre-approved regulations.

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“…This research focuses on SLAs in cloud service provisioning, which is an integral part of digitalization in industry and manufacturing. Traditional cloud service management approaches face problems such as poor management and auditing of SLAs, dependence on (untrusted) third-party monitoring, and the dominant position of the service provider compared with the service customer [ 16 ]. Blockchain-based approaches can be more efficient than the current SLA management because of increased transparency, automated SLA enforcement and conflict resolution, and decentralized audited decision making [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized Machine Autonomy for Manufacturing Servitization

Pustišek

Chen

Kos

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Blockchain ecosystems are rapidly maturing and meeting the needs of business environments (e.g., industry, manufacturing, and robotics). The decentralized approaches in industries enable novel business concepts, such as machine autonomy and servitization of manufacturing environments. Introducing the distributed ledger technology principles into the machine sharing and servitization economy faces several challenges, and the integration opens new interesting research questions. Our research focuses on data and event models and secure upgradeable smart contract platforms for machine servitization. Our research indicates that with the proposed approaches, we can efficiently separate on- and off-chain data and assure scalability of the DApp without compromising the trust. We demonstrate that the secure upgradeable smart contract platform, which was adapted for machine servitization, supports the business workflow and, at the same time, assures common identification and authorization of all the participants in the system, including people, devices, and legal entities. We present a hybrid decentralized application (DApp) for the servitization of 3D printing. The solution can be used for or easily adapted to other manufacturing domains. It comprises a modular, upgradeable smart contract platform and off-chain machine, customer and web management, and monitoring interfaces. We pay special attention to the data and event models during the design, which are fundamental for the hybrid data storage and DApp architecture and the responsiveness of off-chain interfaces. The smart contract platform uses a proxy contract to control the access of smart contracts and role-based access control in function calls for blockchain users. We deploy and evaluate the DApp in a consortium blockchain network for performance and privacy. All the actors in the solution, including the machines, are identified by their blockchain accounts and are compeers. Our solution thus facilitates integration with the traditional information-communication systems in terms of the hybrid architectures and security standards for smart contract design comparable to those in traditional software engineering.

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A novel service level agreement model using blockchain and smart contract for cloud manufacturing in industry 4.0

Cited by 44 publications

References 79 publications

A Blockchain-IoT Platform for the Smart Pallet Pooling Management

A Blockchain-IoT Platform for the Smart Pallet Pooling Management

Reinforcing SLA Consensus on Blockchain

Decentralized Machine Autonomy for Manufacturing Servitization

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