A novel severe cerebral venous thrombosis rat model based on semi‐ligation combined with ferric chloride and thrombin

Abstract

Aims An applicable cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) model is imperative for exploring its pathophysiology. We established a novel severe CVST model using semi‐ligation, ferric chloride, and thrombin. Methods A total of 138 male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into semi‐ligation (n = 75) and non‐semi‐ligation (n = 63) groups. A sham group (n = 46) was also included. We compared short‐term and long‐term neurological and cognitive dysfunction, mortality rates, thrombus load, venous infarction volume, the blood–brain barrier permeability, brain water content, and microglia activation among the three groups. Results Thrombi involving multiple venous sinuses appeared in all semi‐ligation rats within 2 days postoperatively. Compared with the non‐semi‐ligation group, short‐term and long‐term neurological dysfunction were more severe (p < 0.05), and thrombus weight, venous infarction volumes, and microglia activation were more significant (p < 0.05) in the semi‐ligation group. Further, the cognitive function of the semi‐ligation group significantly decreased (p < 0.05) on postoperative day 21. Cumulative mortality rates between the semi‐ligation and non‐semi‐ligation groups did not differ significantly. Conclusion Semi‐ligation combined with ferric chloride and thrombin can produce a severe CVST model with multiple venous sinus involvement, which is suitable for short‐ and long‐term neurological and cognitive dysfunction assessment.

Potential role of plasma branched-chain amino acids in the differential diagnosis of acute cerebral venous thrombosis

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“…The CVT rat model was performed as the previous method 12 . Under anesthesia, the rats were placed in a prone position, using iodophor as preoperative skin disinfectant, and an incision was made in the middle of each rat's head, and the subcutaneous tissue was separated to expose the skull.…”

“…The CVT rat model was performed as the previous method. 12 Under anesthesia, the rats were placed in a prone position, using iodophor as preoperative skin disinfectant, and an incision was made in the middle of each rat's head, and the subcutaneous tissue was separated to expose the skull. A longitudinal cranial window, which exposed the SSS and bilateral cortex, using a high‐speed dental drill through microscopic observation.…”

The cell‐specific roles of Nrf2 in acute and chronic phases of ischemic stroke

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