A novel single-tailed fusiform Sulfolobus virus STSV2 infecting model Sulfolobus species

Erdmann, Susanne; Chen, Bin; Huang, Xiaoxing; Deng, Ling; Liu, Chao; Shah, Samir A.; Bauer, Sven Le Moine; León‐Sobrino, Carlos; Wang, Haina; Wei, Yunlin; She, Qunxin; Garrett, Roger A.; Huang, Li; Lü, Lin

doi:10.1007/s00792-013-0591-z

Cited by 33 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the case of Acidianus two-tailed virus (ATV), the type species of the Bicaudaviridae family, the two tails develop following release into the environment and completely independently from the host cell (26,27). Unlike ATV, the unclassified Sulfolobus tengchongensis spindle-shaped viruses 1 and 2 have never been observed to undergo this kind of transformation and contain only one tail (28,29). Nevertheless, both viruses share a number of genes with ATV, including those encoding unique four-helix bundle major capsid proteins (30,31).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sulfolobus Spindle-Shaped Virus 1 Contains Glycosylated Capsid Proteins, a Cellular Chromatin Protein, and Host-Derived Lipids

Quemin

Pietilä

Oksanen

et al. 2015

J Virol

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Geothermal and hypersaline environments are rich in virus-like particles, among which spindle-shaped morphotypes dominate. Currently, viruses with spindle-or lemon-shaped virions are exclusive to Archaea and belong to two distinct viral families. The larger of the two families, the Fuselloviridae, comprises tail-less, spindle-shaped viruses, which infect hosts from phylogenetically distant archaeal lineages. Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 1 (SSV1) is the best known member of the family and was one of the first hyperthermophilic archaeal viruses to be isolated. SSV1 is an attractive model for understanding virus-host interactions in Archaea; however, the constituents and architecture of SSV1 particles remain only partially characterized. Here, we have conducted an extensive biochemical characterization of highly purified SSV1 virions and identified four virus-encoded structural proteins, VP1 to VP4, as well as one DNA-binding protein of cellular origin. The virion proteins VP1, VP3, and VP4 undergo posttranslational modification by glycosylation, seemingly at multiple sites. VP1 is also proteolytically processed. In addition to the viral DNA-binding protein VP2, we show that viral particles contain the Sulfolobus solfataricus chromatin protein Sso7d. Finally, we provide evidence indicating that SSV1 virions contain glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids, resolving a long-standing debate on the presence of lipids within SSV1 virions. A comparison of the contents of lipids isolated from the virus and its host cell suggests that GDGTs are acquired by the virus in a selective manner from the host cytoplasmic membrane, likely during progeny egress. Viruses infecting extremophilic archaea have evolved to withstand very high temperatures, low or high pH, or near-saturating salt concentrations (1-5). Remarkably, most of these viruses do not seem to be evolutionarily related to viruses of bacteria or eukaryotes and display a considerable diversity of unique virion morphotypes (3, 4). Indeed, 11 novel viral families have been established by the International Committee for the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) for the classification of archaeal viruses, emphasizing the uniqueness of rod-shaped, spindle-shaped, dropletshaped, or even bottle-shaped particles that have never been observed among viruses infecting bacteria or eukaryotes (3). Functional studies proved to be highly challenging due to the lack of similarity between the protein sequences and structures of archaeal viruses and those from other viruses and cellular organisms (6-10). Among the morphotypes that are exclusively associated with archaea, spindle-shaped viruses are particularly widespread (11) and have been isolated from highly different environments, including deep-sea hydrothermal vents (12-14), hypersaline environments (15-18), anoxic freshwaters (19), cold Antarctic lakes (20), terrestrial hot springs (21-23), and acidic mines (24).Recently, we refined the evolutionary relationships among spindle-shaped viruses by assessing the morph...

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confidence: 99%

Sulfolobus Spindle-Shaped Virus 1 Contains Glycosylated Capsid Proteins, a Cellular Chromatin Protein, and Host-Derived Lipids

Quemin

Pietilä

Oksanen

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…The ATV virion consists of several structural proteins; high-resolution structures for two of these proteins are known (36,37). Among the unclassified viruses, only STSV1 (27) and STSV2 (28) were found to encode homologues of the major structural protein gp131 of ATV ( Fig. 2A and B).…”

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Unification of the Globally Distributed Spindle-Shaped Viruses of the Archaea

Krupovìč

Quemin

Bamford

et al. 2014

J Virol

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Viruses with spindle-shaped virions are abundant in diverse environments. Over the years, such viruses have been isolated from a wide range of archaeal hosts. Evolutionary relationships between them remained enigmatic, however. Here, using structural proteins as markers, we define familial ties among these "dark horses" of the virosphere and segregate all spindle-shaped viruses into two distinct evolutionary lineages, corresponding to Bicaudaviridae and Fuselloviridae. Our results illuminate the utility of structure-based virus classification and bring additional order to the virosphere.

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“…The host range is limited to autochthonous species of hyperthermophilic archaea from the genus Acidianus. A closely related whose virions contain a single long tail that appears to develop intracellularly [6][7][8][9]. These viruses share many genes with Acidianus two-tailed virus (Fig.…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Bicaudaviridae

Prangishvili

Krupovìč

2018

Journal of General Virology

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The family Bicaudaviridae includes viruses that infect hyperthermophilic archaea in the genus Acidianus. The circular doublestranded DNA genome of Acidianus two-tailed virus consists of 62 730 bp, and replication can be either lytic or lysogenic. Virions undergo unique extracellular morphogenesis, being released from host cells as spindle-shaped particles that subsequently develop long tails, one at each of the two pointed ends. The spindle-shaped morphology represents a group of archaea-specific virion morphotypes. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Bicaudaviridae which is available at www.ictv.global/report/bicaudaviridae.

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A novel single-tailed fusiform Sulfolobus virus STSV2 infecting model Sulfolobus species

Cited by 33 publications

References 29 publications

Sulfolobus Spindle-Shaped Virus 1 Contains Glycosylated Capsid Proteins, a Cellular Chromatin Protein, and Host-Derived Lipids

Sulfolobus Spindle-Shaped Virus 1 Contains Glycosylated Capsid Proteins, a Cellular Chromatin Protein, and Host-Derived Lipids

Unification of the Globally Distributed Spindle-Shaped Viruses of the Archaea

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Bicaudaviridae

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