A Novel Smart CBT Model for Detecting Impersonators using Machine Learning Technique

Sitting arrangement and malpractice behaviours among higher education test-takers: On educational assessment in Africa

“…As popularly discussed in the literature, these acts include neck-straining to copy from others (Arop et al, 2018), writing relevant information on different objects and re-copying the same while writing examination (Akaranga & Ongong, 2013). Smuggling lecture notes, exchange of question papers with written answers , impersonation (Aishwarya et al, 2020;John-Otumu et al, 2021;Nagal et al, 2017), pointing answer booklets for others to copy, use of written inscription on small pieces of papers (microchips), browsing from the internet, exchange of scripts (Ekpoudo et al, 2021;Forkuor et al, 2019). An observation by the researchers suggests that some students engage in other practices such as whispering answers and sharing ideas with colleagues, swapping scripts, seat switching, playing audio recordings with the support of earphones, asking invigilators for assistance, use of textbooks and regularly obtaining permission to go out of the examination halls.…”