Polarization is the asymmetry of a light wave's electric field vibration direction with respect to its propagation direction, as a crucial clue for describing the light, which is one of the most apparent signs that distinguishes transverse waves from longitudinal waves. The current mainstream polarimetric cameras typically adopt a division of focal plane imaging architecture, in which a metal wire-grid structure is coupled with a detector to acquire the polarization state of the target. However, the structure of the division of focal plane reduces effective spatial resolution of the detector and requires complex registration algorithms to achieve pixel-level polarization acquisition, which leads to high equipment costs and impedes the development and application of polarimetric cameras in industrial production. In this paper, a single-layer twisted nematic liquid crystal (TNLC) is inserted to the imaging optical path of traditional camera to realize the polarization acquisition, allowing for a cost-effective transition from traditional devices to polarization imaging systems. The imaging detector coupled with the TNLC device can acquire polarization states ranging from 10 to 90-degree by adjusting the external voltage applied on the LC device. Moreover, a polarization angle calibration method based on a single-layer TNLC is proposed in this paper, providing a reliable reference for electrically controlled polarization angle acquisition. The experimental results acquired by presented imaging system demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The TNLC based imaging scheme presented in this paper provides a solid foundation for developing simple, low-cost, and efficient polarimetric cameras.