“…To overcome these defects, a series of smoothed FEMs (S-FEMs) have been derived and completed in recent years (Li and Cui, 2020;Zeng and Liu, 2018;Zhou et al, 2019a). The smoothed radial point interpolation method (S-RPIM) (Tao et al, 2019;Ren et al, 2020aRen et al, , 2020b using the GS-Galerkin weak formulations based on the G-space theory (Gori et al, 2019;Liu, 2010aLiu, , 2010b reduces the limitation of consistency of shape function. Besides, the node-based S-RPIM (NS-RPIM) is a novel numerical method (Bie et al, 2018;Cui et al, 2016;Hu et al, 2017) with the gradient smoothing technique (Liu, 2008;Zhou et al, 2020).…”