“…Polyacrylamide gel is used quite often [103] despite its toxicity. Other carriers such as PVA-based cryogels [104,105], ENT/ENTP photocrosslinked polymers (polymer mixture based on polyethylene or polypropylene glycol, hydroxyethyl acrylate, and isophorone diisocyanate, which is polymerized under near UV irradiation) or modified PVA [106], granules and films based on polyvinyl chloride [107], hydrogels based on chitosan [108][109][110], polycarbamoyl sulfonate [111,112], and polyurethane [113,114], peptide polymers [115], biotin-avidin linkers [116][117][118], solgel matrices based on aluminum oxide [119] or composite polymers [120][121][122][123], as well as electropolymeriz able polyaniline films [124][125][126][127] and other compounds [128,129], and nanostructured materials (including carbon nanotubes and metal nanoparticles) [130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137] should also be noted. A common disadvantage of encapsulation in gels and polymers is diffusion restrictions imposed by the carrier nature, which in some cases appreciably reduce the rate of biocatalysis and the activity of biocomponents.…”