A novel subset of helper T cells promotes immune responses by secreting GM-CSF

Zhang, J; Roberts, Arthur I.; Liu, C; Ren, Guangwen; Xu, Guangwu; Zhang, L; Devadas, Satish; Shi, Yufang

doi:10.1038/cdd.2013.130

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Also, GM‐CSF as an adjuvant decreased IL‐4 cytokine production. Other studies show that GM‐CSF as adjuvant in combination with vaccines stimulates IL‐4 production . The controversy between our results on IL‐4 and other studies may be related to the nature of vaccine or study condition or immunization doses that we used.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, a potent adjuvant for polarization to Th‐17 pattern: an experience on HIV‐1 vaccine model

Mahdavi

Tajik

Ebtekar

et al. 2017

APMIS

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Cytokines are mediators for polarization of immune response in vaccines. Studies show that co-immunization of DNA vaccines with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can increase immune responses. Here, experimental mice were immunized with HIV-1 DNA vaccine with GM-CSF and boosted with recombinant vaccine. Lymphocyte proliferation with Brdu and CTL activity, IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-17 cytokines, total antibody, and IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes were assessed with ELISA. Results show that GM-CSF as adjuvant in DNA immunization significantly increased lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ cytokines, but CTL response was tiny increased. Also GM-CSF as adjuvant decreased IL-4 cytokine vs mere vaccine group. IL-17 in the group that immunized with mixture of DNA vaccine/GM-CSF was significantly increased vs DNA vaccine group. Result of total antibody shows that GM-CSF increased antibody response in which both IgG1 and IgG2a increased. Overall, results confirmed the beneficial effect of GM-CSF as adjuvant to increase vaccine immunogenicity. The hallmark result of this study was to increase IL-17 cytokine with DNA vaccine/GM-CSF immunized group. This study for the first time provides the evidence of the potency of GM-CSF in the induction of IL-17 in response to a vaccine, which is important for control of infection such as HIV-1.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, a potent adjuvant for polarization to Th‐17 pattern: an experience on HIV‐1 vaccine model

Mahdavi

Tajik

Ebtekar

et al. 2017

APMIS

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“…The mammary tumor cells used in our experiments have been shown to produce high levels of GM-CSF (11,16) and to induce the expansion of immunoregulatory macrophages (13). In addition, a novel subset of Th cells named ThGM cells has been described, which promotes immune responses by secreting GM-CSF (32). As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipocyte and leptin accumulation in tumor-induced thymic involution

Lamas

Lopez

Carrió

et al. 2015

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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Cell-mediated immunity is an important defense mechanism against pathogens and developing tumor cells. The thymus is the main lymphoid organ involved in the formation of the cell-mediated immune response by the maturation and differentiation of lymphocytes that travel from the bone marrow, through the lymphatic ducts, to become T lymphocytes. Thymic involution has been associated with aging; however, other factors such as obesity, viral infection and tumor development have been shown to increase the rate of shrinkage of this organ. The heavy infiltration of adipocyte fat cells has been reported in the involuted thymuses of aged mice. In the present study, the possible accumulation of such cells in the thymus during tumorigenesis was examined by immunohistochemistry. A significant number of adipocytes around and infiltrating the thymuses of tumor-bearing mice was observed. Leptin is a pro-inflammatory adipocytokine that enhances thymopoiesis and modulates T cell immune responses. The levels of leptin and adiponectin, another adipocytokine that has anti-inflammatory properties, were examined by western blot analysis. While no changes were observed in the amounts of adiponectin present in the thymuses of the normal and tumor-bearing mice, significantly higher levels of leptin were detected in the thymocytes of the tumor-bearing mice. This correlated with an increase in the expression of certain cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The co-culture of thymocytes isolated from normal mice with ex vivo isolated adipocytes from tumor-bearing mice yielded similar results. Our findings suggest that the infiltration and accumulation of adipocytes in the thymuses of tumor-bearing mice play an important role in their altered morphology and functions.

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“…Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) has also been implicated in development of asthma. Th cells that produce high levels of GM‐CSF and low levels of IL‐4 and IFN‐γ have been described and the name ThGM suggested . However, other cells can also produce GM‐CSF, and the predominant source of GM‐CSF in the asthmatic lung is not completely known.…”

Section: Cytokine Production By Cd4+ T‐helper Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Th cells that produce high levels of GM-CSF and low levels of IL-4 and IFNγ have been described and the name ThGM suggested. 25 However, other cells can also produce GM-CSF, and the predominant source of GM-CSF in the asthmatic lung is not completely known. GM-CSF has been shown to drive allergic airway inflammation in mice by inducing IL-33 production from dendritic cells (DC).…”

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confidence: 99%

Epigenetic regulation of T‐helper cell differentiation, memory, and plasticity in allergic asthma

Tumes

Papadopoulos

Endo

et al. 2017

Immunological Reviews

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An estimated 300 million people currently suffer from asthma, which causes approximately 250 000 deaths a year. Allergen-specific T-helper (Th) cells produce cytokines that induce many of the hallmark features of asthma including airways hyperreactivity, eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and airway remodeling. Cytokine-producing Th subsets including Th1 (IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), Th9 (IL-9), Th17 (IL-17), Th22 (IL-22), and T regulatory (IL-10) cells have all been suggested to play a role in the development of asthma. Th differentiation involves genetic regulation of gene expression through the concerted action of cytokines, transcription factors, and epigenetic regulators. We describe how Th differentiation and plasticity is regulated by epigenetic histone and DNA modifications, with a focus on the regulation of histone methylation by members of the polycomb and trithorax complexes. In addition, we outline environmental influences that could influence epigenetic regulation of Th cells and discuss the potential to regulate Th plasticity and function through drugs targeting the epigenetic machinery. It is also becoming apparent that epigenetic regulation of allergen-specific memory Th cells may be important in the development and persistence of chronic allergies. Finally, we describe how epigenetic modifiers regulate cytokine memory in Th cells and describe recently identified hybrid, plastic, and pathogenic memory Th subsets the context of allergic asthma.

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A novel subset of helper T cells promotes immune responses by secreting GM-CSF

Cited by 40 publications

References 47 publications

Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, a potent adjuvant for polarization to Th‐17 pattern: an experience on HIV‐1 vaccine model

Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, a potent adjuvant for polarization to Th‐17 pattern: an experience on HIV‐1 vaccine model

Adipocyte and leptin accumulation in tumor-induced thymic involution

Epigenetic regulation of T‐helper cell differentiation, memory, and plasticity in allergic asthma

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