“…In addition, for a simply connected open surface, some efficient numerical methods including the fast disk mapping [19], the linear disk mapping [16], and the conformal energy minimization (CEM) [75] have been recently developed to map it conformally to a unit disk. Furthermore, classical methods including discrete conformal parameterization [21], least-squares conformal mapping [50], angle-based flattening [62,63,77], discrete conformal equivalence [66], spectral conformal parameterization [53,44], and orbifold Tutte embedding [8,9,7] have been proposed for the conformal parameterization of topological disks with free or mild shape constraints of boundaries. For conformal parameterizations of higher genus surfaces, some well-known methods have been developed, including the holomorphic one-form [36,37,46], the discrete Ricci flow [45,78], and the discrete Calabi flow [79].…”