A novel technique for measuring the thermal conductivity of metallic materials during melting and solidification

Lamvik, M.; Zhout, J M

doi:10.1088/0957-0233/6/7/004

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This increase is attributed to the reduction in thermal conductivity the alloy undergoes as it passes from solid to liquid state. Studies of related alloy compositions have shown that the ratio of thermal conductivity in solid and liquid state may be as large as 1.5 (Lamvik and Zhou, 1995). It is apparent in Figure 7 that the bar corresponding to the thermal resistance at 518C and 200 kPa does not follow the indicated trend.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Polymer‐metal nano‐composite films for thermal management

Carlberg

Wang

Liu

et al. 2009

Microelectronics International

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to present a novel nanostructured polymer-metal composite film providing continuous all-metal thermally conductive pathways, intended to meet future performance requirements on thermal interface materials (TIMs) in microelectronics packaging applications. Design/methodology/approach -Porous polymer structures with a thickness of approximately 100 mm were manufactured using electrospinning technology. Pressure-assisted infiltration of low-melting temperature alloy into the porous polymeric carrier resulted in the final composite film. Thermal performance was evaluated using an accurate and improved implementation of the ASTM D5470 standard in combination with an Instron 5548 MicroTester. Finally, a brief comparative study using three current state-of-the-art commercial TIMs were carried out for reference purposes. Findings -Composite films with continuous all-metal thermally conductive pathways from surface to surface were successfully fabricated. Thermal resistances down to 8.5 K mm 2 W 2 1 at 70 mm bond-line thickness were observed, corresponding to an effective thermal conductivity of 8 W m 2 1 K 2 1 , at moderate assembly pressures (200-800 kPa), more than twice the effective thermal conductivity of the commercial reference materials evaluated. Originality/value -A unique high-performance nanostructured polymer-metal composite film for TIM applications with the potential to meet the microelectronics industry's future demands on thermal performance and cost efficiency is presented.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Polymer‐metal nano‐composite films for thermal management

Carlberg

Wang

Liu

et al. 2009

Microelectronics International

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“…The basic data on Wood's alloy is only sketchy [14,15], but we have concluded against it given the likelihood of high thermal conductivity and extremely large viscosity in the melt and a small thermal gradient across the specimen height. The data of Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Routes To Development Of Near-Surface Alloy Composition Anomaly

Kim

2005

Int J Thermophys

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Thermophysical data in the literature for metallic alloys, including singleelement specimens, exhibit a high degree of variability. Of interest is if the reasons are intrinsic. That there exists as a rule a surface layer whose elemental composition differs from that of the bulk has been demonstrated. Such a near-surface composition anomaly can, in principle, account for the significant part of the variability. The method of time-resolved spectroscopy of emissions from laser-produced plasma (LPP) plumes has been the key in this new development because both the elemental composition and thermal diffusivity can be measured simultaneously. Multiple application of LPP analysis leads to depth-resolved measurements. A variety of alloy specimens have been subjected to different scenarios of thermal cycling to find that thermal cycling modifies the near-surface composition profile of a given specimen. A new study has been carried out with Wood's alloy as a model system by forcing the specimen into melting at increasing temperature. This investigation has revealed that the near-surface composition undergoes sharp irreversible changes when the highest elemental melting point has been exceeded before the specimen is cooled to resolidification. A possible mechanism is suggested.

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“…Thermophysical property data of Wood's alloy are scarce and sketchy at present in that their temperature dependences are unknown. This state of affair applies to: thermal conductivity at the melting point [12], solid versus liquid mass density, heat capacity, and latent heat of melting [13]; and surface tension, kinematic viscosity, and mass density [14]. The absence of more detailed property data makes it difficult to test the applicability of instability theory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benard–Marangoni Instability as Possible Modifier of Surface Alloy Composition

Kim

2007

Int J Thermophys

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Thermophysical properties of amorphous alloys represent the features of a given material specimen, and, as such, they are dependent, in general, on their elemental composition. Some properties are measured at surfaces, and others are measured for the bulk as a whole. Complications arise when the elemental composition varies as a function of position within the material specimen, as demonstrated by simultaneous measurements of thermal diffusivity and elemental composition by time-resolved spectroscopy of laserproduced plasma (LPP) plume emissions. To further understand the source of a rather common near-surface elemental composition anomaly, the evolution of the surface composition of Wood's alloy under the influence of thermal cycling with, and without, a temperature gradient over the specimen has been investigated. Surface composition modifications have been found to take place by accumulation of irregularly spaced gray patches of an inhomogeneous composition on the surface in the presence of a temperature gradient. Determination of elemental composition by LPP spectroscopy shows the three-dimensional structure of the patches.

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A novel technique for measuring the thermal conductivity of metallic materials during melting and solidification

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Polymer‐metal nano‐composite films for thermal management

Polymer‐metal nano‐composite films for thermal management

Routes To Development Of Near-Surface Alloy Composition Anomaly

Benard–Marangoni Instability as Possible Modifier of Surface Alloy Composition

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