A novel technique to produce tubular scaffolds based on collagen and elastin

Abstract

Diseases of the cardiovascular system are the leading cause of mortality in the world, responsible for an average of 17.9 million deaths per year. 1 The most expressive are the ischemic heart diseases which occur due to the obstruction of blood vessels. In this scenario, some of the main alternatives to restore blood flow are autologous grafts, balloon catheters, and metal stents. However, these treatments can cause several problems in the long run, such as inflammation, thrombosis, and neointimal hyperplasia. 2 Tubular scaffolds based on tissue engineering (TE) techniques have been considered to address these problems and must mimic the structure of blood vessels with proteins of the natural tissue. The scaffolds must also be compatible with endothelial cells for tissue repair. Polymeric biomaterials are often applied for vascular and other soft TE scaffolds, due to the similarity of their properties to those of the natural tissues. 3,4 Proteins, as collagen (Col) and elastin (El), are natural polymers with "green" or environmentally safe properties. These proteins have great appeal to be used as scaffolds considering their biocompatibility, related to the interaction with cell surface receptors, 5 and natural degradation by proteases producing amino acids that are non-toxic and can be easily absorbed by the body. 6 In particular, Col provides structural support and resistance to the extracellular matrix (ECM). 7 It consists of a fibrous protein largely used as a biomaterial, because of its endogeny and interaction

Electrophoretic Deposition of Biocompatible and Bioactive Hydroxyapatite-Based Coatings on Titanium

“…Since the blood vessels are predominantly fibrous, composed of collagen and elastin, the combination of these two polymers with polyurethane, was employed in the production of fibrous scaffolds. The obtained scaffold was hydrophilic and cell viability was proven for 72 h [ 51 ]. The natural ionic mucopolysaccharide with linear structure hyaluronic acid, possesses multiple active groups (carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups) that can be further chemically modified, expanding the applications of hyaluronic acid in the biomedical field [ 52 ].…”

Extracellular matrix-derived and low-cost proteins to improve polyurethane-based scaffolds for vascular grafts

“…Unlike the well-known electrospinning method, RJS does not require high voltage, and protein denaturation is thus avoided 15 , 16 . We also previously showed that RJS can be used to produce tubular scaffolds with a diameter of less than 6 mm, which is advantageous for coronary applications 17 .…”

“…In our previous studies, we investigated the optimum parameters and intrinsic properties of PU-based scaffold production using RJS 17 – 19 . In the present study, we hypothesized that the addition of ECM-derived proteins to PU would improve the properties of RJS vascular graft scaffolds.…”

Metallic Nanoscaffolds as Osteogenic Promoters: Advances, Challenges and Scope

“…Such nanoparticles coupled with conjugating moieties, such as peptides, aptamers, and small molecules, help to deliver drugs specifically to the target tissue, thereby preventing adverse effects of non-specific drug accumulation and toxicity [9,10]. More recently, nanoparticles have been used for fabricating multifunctional scaffolds for tissue engineering applications [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”