“…At the same time, environmental regulations impose an obligation on maritime transport to reduce the negative impact of ships on the environment by, among other things, reducing exhaust emissions (i.e., CO 2 , NO x , or SO x ) [10,11], which is implemented through so-called slow sailing/steaming, use of alternative fuels [12] (i.e., LNG, methanol, ammonia, or electricity), and retrofitting ships with energy-efficient technologies [13][14][15] and exhaust cleaning systems [8]. In addition, maritime transport has to deal with the prevention of water pollution by oil spills and plastic [16][17][18], and ports must ensure access to lowemission energy supply infrastructure [19].…”