Signal detection and its assessment is the most important aspect in pharmacovigilance which plays a key role in
ensuring that patients receive safe drugs. For detection of adverse drug reactions, clinical trials usually provide limited information
as they are conducted under strictly controlled conditions. Some of the adverse drug reactions can be detected
only after long term use in larger population and in specific patient groups due to specific concomitant medications or disease.
The detection of unknown and unexpected safety signals as early as possible from post marketing data is one of the
major challenge of pharmacovigilance. The current method of detecting a signal is predominantly based on spontaneous
reporting, which is mainly helpful in detecting type B adverse effects and unusual type A adverse effects. Other sources of
signals detection are prescription event monitoring, case control surveillance and follow up studies. Signal assessment is
mainly performed by using Upsala Monitoring scale & Naranjo scale of probability to analyze the cause and effect analysis.
Signal detection and their assessment is very vital and complex process. Thus, the main objective of this review is to
provide a summary of the most common methods of signal detection and their assessment used in pharmacovigilance to
confirm the safety of a drug. Recent developments, challenges, & future needs have also been discussed.