A novel ultrastructural feature of a gas-vacuolated Methanosarcina

Archer, D

doi:10.1016/0378-1097(83)90017-4

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…No gentle method has been described for the breakage of Methanosarcina barkeri, which normally grows as aggregates of cells enveloped by a shared heteropolysaccharide wall (Balch et al, 1979). Some strains of M. barkeri are known to lyse spontaneously in the stationary phase of a batch-fed culture (Smith & Mah, 1978;Scherer & Sahm, 1981) and it is reported here that strain FR-1 (Archer & King, 1983) produces protoplasts spontaneously in osmotically suitable media. The protoplasts can then be lysed gently to enable the gas vesicles to be isolated free from other material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Methunosarcinu harkeri strain FR-I (DSM 2256) was grown in a yeast extractimineral salts medium with methanol as the substrate (Archer & King, 1983). Growth was estimated by measurement of methane production, and production of protoplasts from intact cells was followed by phasecontrast and fluorescence microscopy (Archer & King, 1983).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The techniques used for transmission electron microscopy were described by Archer & King (1983). Preparations were mounted on carbon-coated grids and negatively stained with 2% (w/v) uranyl acetate and examined in an AEI 801 electron microscope.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 (b). The average diameter of gas vesicles within cells, measured from electron micrographs of thin sections (Archer & King, 1983) was 41.9 k 4.1 nm (mean SD), but isolated gas vesicles were often distorted and had an apparent average diameter of 63.2 k 9.7 nm. The length of most of the isolated vesicles varied from 150 to 500 nm.…”

Section: Isolation Of Gas Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently described the isolation of another gas-vacuolate Methanosarcina (Archer & King, 1983) and now report the isolation of gas vesicles from this organism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation of Gas Vesicles from Methanosarcina barken

Archer

King

1984

Microbiology

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A gas-vacuolate strain of Methanosarcina barkeri formed protoplasts in substrate-depleted cultures and gas vesicles were isolated from the protoplasts. Vacuolate protoplasts were separated from unvacuolate ones by flotation and the protoplast membrane was removed by Tween 20, liberating the gas vesicles. The gas vesicles were purified by flotation after initial passage through a 0.45 pm filter to remove contaminating material. Gas vesicle membranes were purified by isopycnic gradient centrifugation and were shown by electron microscopy to have a rib spacing of 4.8 nm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isolation Of Gas Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently described the isolation of another gas-vacuolate Methanosarcina (Archer & King, 1983) and now report the isolation of gas vesicles from this organism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation of Gas Vesicles from Methanosarcina barken

Archer

King

1984

Microbiology

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Taxonomy and Halotolerance of Mesophilic Methanosarcina Strains, Assignment of Strains to Species, and Synonymy of Methanosarcina mazei and Methanosarcina frisia

Maestrojuan¹,

Boone²,

Mah

et al. 1992

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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We examined 22 previously described and newly isolated Methanosarcina strains by performing denaturing gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins and assigned these strains to previously described species. Methanosarcina mazei S-6T (T = type strain) and Methanosarcinafi.isia C 16T were very similar in terms of the electrophoresis patterns of their proteins and in their DNA sequences (the results of reassociation experiments indicated that there was 77% sequence similarity). Thus, M. fish is a junior subjective synonym of M. mazei, and strain C 16 is a reference strain of M. mazei. M. muzei C 16 was similar to M. mazei in other characteristics that have not been reported previously, including the ability to catabolize acetate and a lack of halophily. All of the Methanosarcina strains examined, including the marine strains M. mazei C 16 (= M. jiisia C 16T) and Methunosarcina acetivorans C2AT, were slightly halotolerant (rather than halophilic, as originally described). Methunosarcina sp. strain FR-1, which has gas vesicles, was more similar to Methanosarcina barken' MST than to Methanosarcina vacuolata Z-761T in both its protein patterns and its DNA sequence (80% similarity to M. barken' MST and 38% similarity to M. vacuolata Z-761T). Thus, the presence of gas vesicles is not an adequate taxonomic characteristic for assigning Methunosarcina strains to M. vacuolata.The five commonly recognized mesophilic Methanosarcina species (Methanosarcina barkri, Methanosarcina mazei, Methanosarcina vacuolata , Methanosarcina fnsia , and Methanosarcina acetivorans) are found in marine and freshwater environments (24,33,34). The first three of these species are considered to be freshwater species, and their type strains were isolated from freshwater environments. However, early strains of M. barkri were isolated from marine or brackish mud (36,42), and the current type strains of M. barkeri and M. mazei thrive at marine salinities (40). It has been postulated that Methanosarcina species evolved in marine habitats and adapted to freshwater environments by developing a heteropolysaccharide matrix or capsule (41). When Methanosarcina strains are grown in the presence of marine concentrations of Na+ and Mg2+, they have a protein cell wall, are sensitive to lysis by detergents, and occur as individual cells (35,40,46). When these organisms are grown in the presence of low concentrations of these cations, a heteropolysaccharide matrix is often formed, and cells may occur as aggregates, "cysts," or lamina (27,40,46).The other two mesophilic Methanosarcina species, M. fnsia and M. acetivorans, are considered to be marine species because all of the known strains (M. fnsia C 16T [T = type strain] and M. acetivorans C2AT and C2E) were isolated from marine sediments (4, 39). The cells of these strains are sensitive to lysis by detergent, and their cell walls are protein (4, 39).In this paper we describe some of the physiological characteristics, especially halotolerance, of some Methanosarcina strains, the results of a phylogenetic analysis...

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Spontaneous Protoplast Formation by Methanosarcina barkeri

Harris¹

1985

Microbiology

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1481Methanosarcina barkeri strain FR-19 lysed spontaneously in substrate-depleted cultures. The addition of 0.3 M-sucrose prevented complete lysis and resulted in the formation of osmotically sensitive UV-fluorescent spheres. Electron microscopic examination showed that complete degradation of the cell wall occurred before the release of true protoplasts, which were stabilized by sucrose and glucose (0.2-0.3 M) but not by glycerol. Exponentially increasing methane production and regeneration of protoplasts could not be demonstrated.

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A novel ultrastructural feature of a gas-vacuolated Methanosarcina

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Isolation of Gas Vesicles from Methanosarcina barken

Isolation of Gas Vesicles from Methanosarcina barken

Taxonomy and Halotolerance of Mesophilic Methanosarcina Strains, Assignment of Strains to Species, and Synonymy of Methanosarcina mazei and Methanosarcina frisia

Spontaneous Protoplast Formation by Methanosarcina barkeri

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