A novel unified model predicting flow stress and grain size evolutions during hot working of non-uniform as-cast 42CrMo billets

Guo, Lingjun; Wang, Fengqi; Zhen, Pengliang; Li, Xuechao; Zhan, Mei

doi:10.1016/j.cja.2018.04.009

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Microalloying elements precipitated in solid solution or precipitates then inhibit recrystallization, increase flow stress and significantly reduce the plastic properties of steels [1,5,37,61,62]. Thus, it can be concluded that a higher strain is required to initiate the dynamic recrystallization of 316LN high alloy steel compared to unalloyed low carbon steel B (with a similar carbon content of 0.16 C), which corresponds to Equations ( 29) and (23). Similarly, it can also be concluded that in the case of micro-alloyed steels, higher strain is required to initiate dynamic recrystallization than in the case of non-alloyed carbon steels with similar carbon content (0.036 wt % for steel A, 0.16 wt % for steel B), which corresponds to Equations ( 30), ( 22) and (23).…”

Section: Predicted Critical Flow Stress and Critical Strain For Induc...mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…For the purposes of research of the deformation behavior of metallic materials, continuous isothermal uniaxial compression tests are very suitable, which are most often performed on the Gleeble type simulators, whose products are flow stress curves [22][23][24]. The information about maximum flow stress and kinetics of dynamic recrystallization of a given material can be obtained from these flow stress curves [2,4,16,22,25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hot Deformation Behavior of Non-Alloyed Carbon Steels

et al. 2022

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The hot deformation behavior of selected non-alloyed carbon steels was investigated by isothermal continuous uniaxial compression tests. Based on the analysis of experimentally determined flow stress curves, material constants suitable for predicting peak flow stress σp, peak strain εp and critical strain εcrDRX necessary to induce dynamic recrystallization and the corresponding critical flow stresses σcrDRX were determined. The validity of the predicted critical strains εcrDRX was then experimentally verified. Fine dynamically recrystallized grains, which formed at the boundaries of the original austenitic grains, were detected in the microstructure of additionally deformed specimens from low-carbon investigated steels. Furthermore, equations describing with perfect accuracy a simple linear dependence of the critical strain εcrDRX on peak strain εp were derived for all investigated steels. The determined hot deformation activation energy Q decreased with increasing carbon content (also with increasing carbon equivalent value) in all investigated steels. A logarithmic equation described this dependency with reasonable accuracy. Individual flow stress curves of the investigated steels were mathematically described using the Cingara and McQueen model, while the predicted flow stresses showed excellent accuracy, especially in the strains ranging from 0 to εp.

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Section: Predicted Critical Flow Stress and Critical Strain For Induc...mentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Deformation Behavior of Non-Alloyed Carbon Steels

et al. 2022

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“…Fe-Cr-Mo-Mn steels exhibit exceptional strength, excellent hardenability, superior fatigue resistance, and remarkable impact toughness at low temperatures, and they are capable of withstanding alternating loads [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], making them extensively utilized in wind power, nuclear energy, and other industries [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Hot forging is the most widely used method for the fabrication of steel-based components, and it has characteristics of a high production efficiency and good product quality [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the Hot Workability and Microstructural Evolution of an Fe-Cr-Mo-Mn Steel Using 3D Processing Maps

Dou,

Sun,

Shen

et al. 2024

Materials

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The Laasraoui segmented and Arrhenius flow stress model, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) model, grain size prediction model, and hot processing map (HPM) of Fe-Cr-Mo-Mn steels were established through isothermal compression tests. The models and HPM were proven by experiment to be highly accurate. As the deformation temperature decreased or the strain rate increased, the flow stress increased and the grain size of the Fe-Cr-Mo-Mn steel decreased, while the volume fraction of DRX (Xdrx) decreased. The optimal range of the hot processing was determined to be 1050–1200 °C/0.369–1 s−1. Zigzag-like grain boundaries (GBs) and intergranular cracks were found in the unstable region, in which the disordered martensitic structure was observed. The orderly packet martensite was formed in the general processing region, and the mixed structure with incomplete DRX grains was composed of coarse and fine grains. The microstructure in the optimum processing region was composed of DRX grains and the multistage martensite. The validity of the Laasraoui segmented flow stress model, DRX model, grain size prediction model, and HPM was verified by upsetting tests.

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“…To reflect the influence of dislocation, segmented flow-stress models of AZ61 magnesium alloy [3] and 34CrNiMo6 steel [4] were established based on the Kocks-Mecking model during hot compression. Moreover, the effect of average grain size was coupled in the flow-stress model of as-cast 42CrMo billet in ring rolling by Guo et al [5]. The flow-stress models of pure iron [6], 30Si2MnCrMoVE steel [7], and FB2 steel [8] were established considering the evolution of stress parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-Stress Model of 300M Steel for Multi-Pass Compression

Chen

Zeng

Yao

et al. 2020

Metals

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In this work, multi-pass compressions were performed at various strain rates (0.01 s−1, 0.1 s−1, 1 s−1, 10 s−1), temperatures (950 °C, 1050 °C, 1150 °C), inter-pass holding time (1 s, 10 s, 30 s, 120 s, 600 s), interrupt strains (0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6), and total pass numbers (1, 2, 3, 4). The intriguing finding was that the recrystallized fraction, average dislocation density, and plastic cumulative strain were partly eliminated during inter-pass holding, resulting in the early occurrence of recrystallization in subsequent compression. Therefore, a parameter (Θ) to evaluate the overall softening fraction due to recrystallization was proposed, and it was then used to iteratively rectify the average dislocation density and plastic cumulative strain in flow-stress modeling. The flow-stress model parameters of 300M steel for multi-pass compression were identified using an optimization technique based on non-derivative method integrated in MATLAB software. The average deviation of calculated and experimental flow-stress was 0.88 MPa (1.35%), showing good accuracy of the flow-stress model. The microstructure evolution of 300M steel was analyzed by the change of softening fraction during multi-pass compression, which provided a useful reference for the research of stress–microstructure relationships of high-strength steels.

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A novel unified model predicting flow stress and grain size evolutions during hot working of non-uniform as-cast 42CrMo billets

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

Hot Deformation Behavior of Non-Alloyed Carbon Steels

Hot Deformation Behavior of Non-Alloyed Carbon Steels

Determining the Hot Workability and Microstructural Evolution of an Fe-Cr-Mo-Mn Steel Using 3D Processing Maps

Flow-Stress Model of 300M Steel for Multi-Pass Compression

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