A Novel Water-Soluble Photoinitiator for the Acrylic Photopolymerization Type Resist System

Abstract

A novel water-soluble photoinitiator, sodium 4-[2-(4-morpholino)benzoyl-2-dimethylamino]-butylbenzenesulfonate (MBS), was synthesized by sulfonation of 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-1-butanone (BDMB) for "environmentally friendly" and "completely water-soluble" resist systems. MBS showed sufficient solubility in water and the same high sensitivity as BDMB. Novel water-soluble photopolymerization resist systems, composed of MBS, polyfunctional acrylate monomers, and water-soluble polymers, were also evaluated. Among the commercially available polyfunctional acrylate monomers, a trifunctional epoxy acrylate monomer from glycerol (DA-314) showed good solubility in water. The sensitivity of this resist system to irradiation of 365-nm UV light was 1.5 mJ/cm 2 at 2-µm film thickness. Advantages of the resist are no need for any organic solvent or any alkaline developer. The chemistry of MBS was investigated by IR and photolysis. It was proved that the radical generation mechanism of MBS was the same as for BDMB.

Femtosecond Laser Direct Write Integration of Multi-Protein Patterns and 3D Microstructures into 3D Glass Microfluidic Devices

“…BSA powder (A7906, Sigma-Aldrich, Tokyo, Japan) was weighed and appropriately diluted with water or glycerol-water to 200 mg/mL, which equates~3 mM. Photoinitiator MBS [18], provided by the University of Maryland, was dissolved in water at 200 mM and then mixed with BSA solution to a concentration of 100 mM MBS and 1.5 mM BSA. In order to achieve a 50% w/w glycerol-water 67 mM MBS, 1.5 mM BSA mixture, several steps were performed.…”

“…BSA is an abundant, stable, and soluble protein from blood plasma [17], which is routinely used in 3D microfabrication [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. As a photoinitiator, we utilize (Sodium 4-[2-(4-Morpholino) benzoyl-2-dimethylamino] butylbenzenesulfonate) (MBS) because it is a water-soluble variant of the widely used Irgacure 369 with a broad UV absorption peak [18,19]. MBS is free of toxic heavy metals and requires no organic solvents [20].…”

A facile method to prepare a polyethylene glycol modified polysilane as a waterborne photoinitiator

“…With the demand of developing waterborne photopolymerization system, the water-soluble or waterborne photoinitiators especially their polymers are distinctive [3,[19][20][21][22]. The watersoluble or waterborne photoinitiators could be obtained by introducing ionic groups such as quaternary ammonium salts, carboxylic acids, sulfonates [22][23][24][25][26], or hydrophilic groups such as ethoxyethers and carbohydrates into oil-soluble photoiniatiators [27,28], or through inclusion chemistry such as the inclusion complex of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one and methylated b-cyclodextrin [21]. Conventionally, water-soluble polysilanes such as 1-3 in Chart 1, were prepared by attaching quaternary ammonium salts [29][30][31][32], ethoxyethers [33][34][35] and multihydroxy groups [36] with polysilanes.…”

Water‐soluble and polymerizable thioxanthone photoinitiator containing imidazole

“…Water‐soluble system has many advantages, such as none volatile organic solvents (VOCS), easily adjusting the viscosity, no skin irritation, and unpleasant odor. In water‐soluble photocuring system, a photoinitiator is an extremely important component . Currently, the traditional organic‐soluble photoinitiators have been widely used in water‐soluble photocuring systems.…”