A novel wound-inducible extensin gene is expressed early in newly isolated protoplasts of Nicotiana sylvestris

Parmentier, Yves; Durr, Andrée; Marbach, J.; Hirsinger, Cathy; Criqui, Marie Claire; Fleck, Jacqueline; Jamet, Élisabeth

doi:10.1007/bf00043652

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, incomplete and inconsistent hydroxylation of SP 3 proline residues indicates that the prolyl hydroxylase of Nicotiana has a low affinity for a tripeptidyl proline substrate. Not surprisingly, such sequences are rare in Nicotiana (24), although common in other species; for example, repetitive Ser-Hyp 3 occurs in the gum arabic glycoprotein of Acacia senegal (25) and in maize extensins (26). Likewise, Ser-Pro 3 motifs that may be completely hydroxylated occur frequently in potato cDNAs (27) and in an Arabidopsis extensin gene (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contiguous Hydroxyproline Residues Direct Hydroxyproline Arabinosylation in Nicotiana tabacum

Shpak

Barbar

Leykam

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

128

146

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Hydroxyproline (Hyp) O-glycosylation characterizes the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) superfamily of the plant extracellular matrix. Hyp glycosylation occurs in two modes: Arabinosylation adds short oligoarabinosides (Hyp-arabinosides) while galactosylation leads to the addition of larger arabinogalactan polysaccharides (Hyp-polysaccharides). We hypothesize that sequence-dependent glycosylation of small peptide motifs results in glycomodules. These small functional units in combination with other repetitive peptide modules define the properties of HRGPs. The Hyp contiguity hypothesis predicts arabinosylation of contiguous Hyp residues and galactosylation of clustered noncontiguous Hyp residues. To determine the minimum level of Hyp contiguity that directs arabinosylation, we designed a series of synthetic genes encoding repetitive (Ser-Pro 2 ) n , (Ser-Pro 3 ) n , and (Ser-Pro 4 ) n . A signal sequence targeted these endogenous substrates to the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi for post-translational proline hydroxylation and glycosylation in transformed Nicotiana tabacum cells. The fusion glycoproteins also contained green fluorescence protein, facilitating their detection and isolation. The (Ser-Pro 2 ) n and (Ser-Hyp 4 ) n fusion glycoproteins yielded Hyp-arabinosides but no Hyp-polysaccharide. The motif (Ser-Pro 3 ) n was incompletely hydroxylated, yielding mixed contiguous/noncontiguous Hyp and a corresponding mixture of Hyparabinosides and Hyp-polysaccharides. These results plus circular dichroic spectra of the glycosylated and deglycosylated (Ser-Pro 2 ) n , (Ser-Pro 3 ) n , and (Ser-Pro 4 ) n modules corroborate the Hyp contiguity hypothesis and indicate that Hyp O-glycosylation is indeed sequence-driven. Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs)1 participate in the plant extracellular matrix as networks, exudates, and glycocalyx, comprising a superfamily that includes extensins (1), proline-rich proteins (PRPs) (2) and arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) (3). The three major families are distinguished by characteristic repetitive structural motifs: Ser-Hyp 4 in extensins, Pro-Hyp-Val-Tyr-Lys repeats and variants in PRPs, and XaaHyp-Xaa-Hyp repeats plus the presence of arabinogalactan polysaccharide in AGPs.The major post-translational modifications of HRGPs, proline hydroxylation and subsequent O-Hyp glycosylation, determine the properties of HRGPs to a greater or lesser extent. Carbohydrate accounts for as much as 95% of the hyperglycosylated AGPs and about 60% of extensins, thus forming the interactive molecular surface. In the lightly glycosylated PRPs, however, sugar may contribute as little as 1% of the mass.O-Hyp glycosylation occurs in two distinct modes, Hyp arabinosylation (4) and Hyp galactosylation (5), respectively. Hyp arabinosylation of virtually all HRGPs results in short (usually 1-4 residues), neutral, linear homooligosaccharides of L-arabinofuranose (Hyp-arabinosides). Hyp galactosylation, which is restricted to the AGPs, results in addition of much larger arabinogalactan heteropolysac...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contiguous Hydroxyproline Residues Direct Hydroxyproline Arabinosylation in Nicotiana tabacum

Shpak

Barbar

Leykam

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

128

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, very few studies have demonstrated the deposition of specific HRGPs as part of the plant defense. Several studies have described increased expression of specific extensin genes in response to elicitation, plant-pathogen interaction, wounding, or other stress (Showalter et al, 1991;Kawalleck et al, 1995;Parmentier et al, 1995;Shirsat et al, 1996;Hirsinger et al, 1997). However, it is unclear from such studies whether the extensin genes expressed during plant defense are involved in modifying the covalent cell wall structure because extensin deposition was not shown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Deposition of Extensin during the Elicitation of Grapevine Callus Cultures Is Specifically Catalyzed by a 40-Kilodalton Peroxidase

et al. 2001

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Elicitation or peroxide stimulation of grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv Touriga) vine callus cultures results in the rapid and selective in situ insolubilization of an abundant and ionically bound cell wall protein-denominated GvP1. Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization/time of flight-mass spectrometry analysis, the amino acid composition, and the N-terminal sequence of purified GvP1 identified it as an 89.9-kD extensin. Analysis of cell walls following the in situ insolubilization of GvP1 indicates large and specific increases in the major amino acids of GvP1 as compared with the amino acids present in salt-eluted cell walls. We calculate that following deposition, covalently bound GvP1 contributes up to 4% to 5% of the cell wall dry weight. The deposition of GvP1 in situ requires peroxide and endogenous peroxidase activity. Isoelectric focusing of saline eluates of callus revealed only a few basic peroxidases that were all isolated or purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. In vitro and in situ assays of extensin cross-linking activity using GvP1 and peroxidases showed that a 40-kD peroxidase cross-linked GvP1 within minutes, whereas other grapevine peroxidases had no significant activity with GvP1. Internal peptide sequences indicated this extensin peroxidase (EP) is a member of the class III peroxidases. We conclude that we have identified and purified an EP from grapevine callus that is responsible for the catalysis of GvP1 deposition in situ during elicitation. Our results suggest that GvP1 and this EP play an important combined role in grapevine cell wall defense.

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“…In spite of their structural role, expression of the extensin genes is not constitutive, but rather regulated in a tissue-specific (Wu et al 2001) and development-specific manner (Hall and Cannon 2002). Furthermore, expression of the genes is affected by many cellular and environmental factors, which include mechanical wounding, fungal infection, viral infection, elicitors, ethylene treatment, and developmental signals (Memelink et al 1993;Merkouropoulos et al 1999;Parmentier et al 1995;Wycoff et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sugar acts as a regulatory signal on the wound-inducible expression of SbHRGP3 :: GUS in transgenic plants

Ahn

Lee

2003

Plant Cell Reports

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SbHRGP3 encodes an HRGP whose expression is correlated with the cessation of root elongation in soybean. The wound-inducible expression of SbHRGP3 interestingly requires sucrose although wounding alone induces the expression of many HRGP genes. To examine whether sugar serves as a specific signal on the woundinducible expression or whether sugar is required to provide ATP, we examined SbHRGP3::GUS expression in transgenic tobacco plants. Various oligosaccharides including non-metabolizable sugar induced SbHRGP3::GUS expression in transgenic plants. The inhibitors of photosynthesis and of cellular respiration did not affect the wound-inducible expression of SbHRGP3::GUS. However, the induction was significantly affected by PCMBS, an inhibitor of active apoplastic phloem loading of sucrose, suggesting that SbHRGP3::GUS expression in phloem tissues requires translocated sucrose. We therefore propose that sugar acts as a specific regulatory signal on the wound-inducible expression of SbHRGP3, rather than acting as a simple provider of ATP.

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A novel wound-inducible extensin gene is expressed early in newly isolated protoplasts of Nicotiana sylvestris

Cited by 30 publications

References 56 publications

Contiguous Hydroxyproline Residues Direct Hydroxyproline Arabinosylation in Nicotiana tabacum

Contiguous Hydroxyproline Residues Direct Hydroxyproline Arabinosylation in Nicotiana tabacum

Rapid Deposition of Extensin during the Elicitation of Grapevine Callus Cultures Is Specifically Catalyzed by a 40-Kilodalton Peroxidase

Sugar acts as a regulatory signal on the wound-inducible expression of SbHRGP3 :: GUS in transgenic plants

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