A novel zinc metabolism-related gene signature to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma

Abstract

BackgroundZinc is a key mineral element in regulating cell growth, development, and immune system. We constructed the zinc metabolism-related gene signature to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).MethodsZinc metabolism-associated gene sets were obtained from Molecular Signature Database. Then, the zinc metabolism-related gene signature (ZMRGS) was constructed and validated. After combining with clinical characteristics, the nomogram for practical application was constructed. The differences in biological pathways, immune molecules, and tumor microenvironment (TME) between the different groups were analyzed. Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion algorithm (TIDE) and two immunotherapy datasets were used to evaluate the immunotherapy response.ResultsThe signature was constructed according to six key zinc metabolism-related genes, which can well predict the prognosis of LUAD patients. The nomogram also showed excellent prediction performance. Functional analysis showed that the low-risk group was in the status of immune activation. More importantly, the lower risk score of LUAD patients showed a higher response rate to immunotherapy.ConclusionThe state of zinc metabolism is closely connected to prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and response to immunotherapy. The zinc metabolism-related signature can well evaluate the prognosis and immunotherapy response for LUAD patients.

Identification of key genes and immune infiltration in osteoarthritis through analysis of zinc metabolism-related genes

“…GSE169077 consists of 5 normal samples and 6 OA samples, while GSE55235 contains 10 normal samples and 10 OA samples. ZMRGs were from MSigDB [ 11 ], resulting in 886 ZMRGs after removing duplicate genes (Supplementary Table 1 ). A brief workflow for this study is shown in Fig.…”