A nuclear‐targeted effector of <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> interferes with histone 2B mono‐ubiquitination to promote arbuscular mycorrhization

Wang, Peng; Jiang, Henan; Boeren, Sjef; Dings, Harm; Kulikova, Olga; Bisseling, Ton; Limpens, Erik

doi:10.1111/nph.17236

Cited by 35 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…PsAvh52, another early-induced RxLR effector secreted from P. sojae , recruits a host cytoplasmic transacetylase into the nucleus that acetylates histones H2A and H3, and thus promotes susceptibility to the pathogen [ 180 ]. Nuclear Localized Effector1 (RiNLE1) of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Rhizophagus irregularis is translocated into the host nucleus where it interacts with the plant core nucleosome protein H2B and impairs the mono-ubiquitination of H2B, which results in the suppression of defense gene expression [ 181 ]. Aside from effectors, filamentous fungal pathogens have also utilized toxins to cause host transcriptional reprogramming via altering the action of epigenetic enzymes.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory Roles of Histone Modifications in Filamentous Fungal Pathogens

Lai

Wang

Zheng

et al. 2022

JoF

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Filamentous fungal pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to infect a variety of hosts including plants and insects. The dynamic infection process requires rapid and fine-tuning regulation of fungal gene expression programs in response to the changing host environment and defenses. Therefore, transcriptional reprogramming of fungal pathogens is critical for fungal development and pathogenicity. Histone post-translational modification, one of the main mechanisms of epigenetic regulation, has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of gene expressions, and is involved in, e.g., fungal development, infection-related morphogenesis, environmental stress responses, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and pathogenicity. This review highlights recent findings and insights into regulatory mechanisms of histone methylation and acetylation in fungal development and pathogenicity, as well as their roles in modulating pathogenic fungi–host interactions.

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Section: Concluding Remarks and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory Roles of Histone Modifications in Filamentous Fungal Pathogens

Lai

Wang

Zheng

et al. 2022

JoF

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“…In addition to its nutritional effects, AMF symbiosis can also affect the biotic resistance of host plants ( Rivero et al, 2018 ; Campo et al, 2020 ). Plant basal resistance systems play important roles in the regulation of plant compatibility to AMF ( Campos-Soriano et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2021 ). AMF have evolved the capacity to circumvent defense mechanisms that are controlled by the plant’s immune system ( Wang et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant basal resistance systems play important roles in the regulation of plant compatibility to AMF ( Campos-Soriano et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2021 ). AMF have evolved the capacity to circumvent defense mechanisms that are controlled by the plant’s immune system ( Wang et al, 2021 ). Still, host plants exhibit some defense responses during their initial contact with AMF ( Gutjahr and Paszkowski, 2009 ; Campos-Soriano et al, 2012 ), which are switched off after a few days to allow for subsequent colonization in a compatible AMF host ( Blilou et al, 1999 ; Gutjahr and Paszkowski, 2009 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As one of the most important agricultural crops, rice ( Oryza sativa L.) has been used as an important monocotyledon model plant for studies of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis ( Sawers et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2021 ). Globally, rice production is mostly conducted in wetland ecosystems characterized by anaerobic environments ( FAO, 2011 ), where it was thought that AMF had difficulty forming symbiosis with rice plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Rice Growth Under Different Flooding and Shading Regimes

Wang

Bao

2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are present in paddy fields, where they suffer from periodic soil flooding and sometimes shading stress, but their interaction with rice plants in these environments is not yet fully explained. Based on two greenhouse experiments, we examined rice-growth response to AMF under different flooding and/or shading regimes to survey the regulatory effects of flooding on the mycorrhizal responses of rice plants under different light conditions. AMF had positive or neutral effects on the growth and yields of both tested rice varieties under non-flooding conditions but suppressed them under all flooding and/or shading regimes, emphasizing the high importance of flooding and shading conditions in determining the mycorrhizal effects. Further analyses indicated that flooding and shading both reduced the AMF colonization and extraradical hyphal density (EHD), implying a possible reduction of carbon investment from rice to AMF. The expression profiles of mycorrhizal P pathway marker genes (GintPT and OsPT11) suggested the P delivery from AMF to rice roots under all flooding and shading conditions. Nevertheless, flooding and shading both decreased the mycorrhizal P benefit of rice plants, as indicated by the significant decrease of mycorrhizal P responses (MPRs), contributing to the negative mycorrhizal effects on rice production. The expression profiles of rice defense marker genes OsPR1 and OsPBZ1 suggested that regardless of mycorrhizal growth responses (MGRs), AMF colonization triggered the basal defense response, especially under shading conditions, implying the multifaceted functions of AMF symbiosis and their effects on rice performance. In conclusion, this study found that flooding and shading both modulated the outcome of AMF symbiosis for rice plants, partially by influencing the mycorrhizal P benefit. This finding has important implications for AMF application in rice production.

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“…Coming to the most recent issues, I believe the article by Wang et␣al . (2021), which characterizes one of the several secreted effectors encoded in the Rhizophagus irregularis genome, marks the opening of a promising new area of exploration, driven by the massive amount of information derived from genomic analyses.…”

Section: What Are Your Favourite New Phytologist Papers Of Recent Years and Why?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Andrea Genre

2021

New Phytologist

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I believe my first conscious inspiration came from my early university studies. Botany lessons opened my mind to an unexpectedly diverse andto a young studentalien world, populated with creatures that I had mostly considered as part of the landscape, but which turned out to have surprisingly complex life cycles, interactions and metabolic capabilities. Plant science lessons took place in the premises of the botanical garden, in a detached, calm atmosphere. At the time, the orto botanico in Turin was literally a secret garden, closed to the public and apparently miles away from the nearby traffic of the city and the crowded corridors of the university main buildings. All that undoubtedly charmed me and motivated my application for an experimental thesis in plant science.Another inspiring moment happened while I was studying for my mycology exam. I had taken a few days off, which I spent at my grandparents' house in the Alps, to fully focus on study. It was late spring, and as I walked in the woods, reading about mycorrhizas in my class notes, I walked among several young birch saplings. Abruptly, I grasped one plant and pulled it out of the soft ground, and there they were: short, club-shaped root tips precisely matching the description of ectomycorrhizas in my notes. That ordinary event provided revealing evidence to my study-excited mind, somehow reinforcing my trust in science books as well as my interest in symbioses.

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A nuclear‐targeted effector of Rhizophagus irregularis interferes with histone 2B mono‐ubiquitination to promote arbuscular mycorrhization

Cited by 35 publications

References 61 publications

Regulatory Roles of Histone Modifications in Filamentous Fungal Pathogens

Regulatory Roles of Histone Modifications in Filamentous Fungal Pathogens

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Rice Growth Under Different Flooding and Shading Regimes

Andrea Genre

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