A Numerical Investigation of Several Factors Contributing to the Observed Variable Intensity of Deep Convection over South Florida

Tripoli, Gregory J.; Cotton, William R.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1980)019<1037:aniosf>2.0.co;2

Cited by 266 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This mechanism therefore has a large bearing on the second indirect or the lifetime effect. Autoconversion parametrizations used in some GCMs use the Tripoli & Cotton (1980) scheme, which calculates an autoconversion rate and a threshold (Jones et al 2001). …”

Section: Wider Implications and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When we calculated the autoconversion rates from Tripoli & Cotton (1980) and used the N d distribution in figure 1a, we observed a significant amount of variability in the autoconversion rates-the maximum value of 9.96!10 K7 s K1 is almost double that of the minimum value of 5.73!10 K7 s K1 . Furthermore, autoconversion is allowed to proceed once cloud liquid water exceeds a threshold minimum and ideally this threshold q min should depend on aerosol concentration.…”

Section: Wider Implications and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrating biomass, sulphate and sea-salt aerosol responses into a microphysical chemical parcel model: implications for climate studies

Ghosh

Smith

Rap

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Aerosols are known to influence significantly the radiative budget of the Earth. Although the direct effect (whereby aerosols scatter and absorb solar and thermal infrared radiation) has a large perturbing influence on the radiation budget, the indirect effect (whereby aerosols modify the microphysical and hence the radiative properties and amounts of clouds) poses a greater challenge to climate modellers. This is because aerosols undergo chemical and physical changes while in the atmosphere, notably within clouds, and are removed largely by precipitation. The way in which aerosols are processed by clouds depends on the type, abundance and the mixing state of the aerosols concerned. A parametrization with sulphate and sea-salt aerosol has been successfully integrated within the Hadley Centre general circulation model (GCM). The results of this combined parametrization indicate a significantly reduced role, compared with previous estimates, for sulphate aerosol in cloud droplet nucleation and, consequently, in indirect radiative forcing. However, in this bicomponent system, the cloud droplet number concentration, N d (a crucial parameter that is used in GCMs for radiative transfer calculations), is a smoothly varying function of the sulphate aerosol loading. Apart from sea-salt and sulphate aerosol particles, biomass aerosol particles are also present widely in the troposphere. We find that biomass smoke can significantly perturb the activation and growth of both sulphate and sea-salt particles. For a fixed salt loading, N d increases linearly with modest increases in sulphate and smoke masses, but significant nonlinearities are observed at higher non-sea-salt mass loadings. This non-intuitive N d variation poses a fresh challenge to climate modellers.

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Section: Wider Implications and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wider Implications and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating biomass, sulphate and sea-salt aerosol responses into a microphysical chemical parcel model: implications for climate studies

Ghosh

Smith

Rap

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…in which the terminal settling velocity of raindrops, VZR,is assigned according to Tripoli and Cotton (1980). Assuming a constant air density (1.28 Kg m-3]), and a characteristic rain droplet diameter of 540 pm, v~,R = 5.93 [m s-l], which is used in the conversions "here.…”

Section: Simulation Of Deposition In Lpdmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling atmospheric deposition using a stochastic transport model

Buckley¹

1999

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“…Such an organization process was also discussed in a numerical study by Misumi et al (1994) as one of three mechanisms that form vigorous and long-lasting convective storms. However, this and other theories concerning cloud merging (Orville et al, 1980;Tripoli and Cotton, 1980;Cunning et al, 1982;Turpeinen, 1982;Westcott, 1984;Westcott and Kennedy, 1989) are not applicable to the present case for the following reasons; no downdrafts were found within the convective cells at two sides of the rainband (Fig. 11); no strong convergence was found between the two convective cells; there was no relative motion between the cells; and the number of convective cells did change with time in the rainband, from two at the initial stage, to five at the developing stage, and finally to one at the mature stage.…”

Section: The Lack O F a Strong Downdraf Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2, the atmosphere was dry above 900 hPa and driest at 500 hPa. Turpeinen and Yau (1981) reported that a cloud cannot develop to the parcel equilibrium level in a dry atmosphere; the dry air should have a large effect on the rainband development. Warner et al (1980) stated that cumulonimbus clouds reaching 15 km only grew out of an environment already moistened by lesser clouds.…”

Section: The Lack O F a Strong Downdraf Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Doppler Radar Observation of a Tropical Rainband Developed from Two Convective Clouds

Fujiyoshi

Geng

1995

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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The structure and evolution of a small, isolated convective rainband, which developed over the warm pool between January 5 and 6, 1993, were examined in detail using sounding and dual-Doppler radar data from Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, during the TOGA-COARE TOP. The rainband developed from two small convective cells and decayed within the dual-Doppler radar coverage area.The rainband was oriented parallel to the low-level environmental shear with a lower magnitude of 2.5 x 10-3 s-1 and the CAPE was as small as 342 J kg-1. It moved from 320 to 140 at a speed of 5.5 m s-l. During its mature stage, it was 30 km long and 15 km wide. Rain water within the rainband was mainly concentrated below the 3.0 km level and decreased rapidly with height. The maximum updraft was about 4N5 m s-1 and the maximum radar reflectivity was about 3540 dBZ.The number of convective cells changed with time as follows: two at the initial stage, five at the developing stage, and one at the mature stage. The low-level front inflow was lifted upward within the cells, formed the main updrafts over the reflectivity cores, and then moved toward the trailing region. There were no strong downdrafts below the heavy rainfall area, and there was no widespread stratiform region behind the convective region. Convective-scale rear inflows were observed in the early stage. These rear inflows aggregated with each other, increased in area and depth, and developed into a flow like a gravity current. The aggregated rear inflow with a gravity current "head" moved faster than the rainband, caused strong low-level convergence, and triggered explosive development of a convective cell in the mature stage, according to a detailed analysis of the dual Doppler radar data. The aggregation of convective-scale rear inflows appears to be important in the organization of a rainband.

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A Numerical Investigation of Several Factors Contributing to the Observed Variable Intensity of Deep Convection over South Florida

Cited by 266 publications

References 30 publications

Integrating biomass, sulphate and sea-salt aerosol responses into a microphysical chemical parcel model: implications for climate studies

Integrating biomass, sulphate and sea-salt aerosol responses into a microphysical chemical parcel model: implications for climate studies

Modeling atmospheric deposition using a stochastic transport model

Dual Doppler Radar Observation of a Tropical Rainband Developed from Two Convective Clouds

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