A numerical model for assessing the additional resistance to flow introduced by flexible vegetation

Kutija, Vedrana; Hong, Hoang Thi Minh

doi:10.1080/00221689609498766

Cited by 105 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…Their canopy model, however, did not include buoyancy, inertia, and vertical motion of the plants; thus, it did not reflect the actual height of the canopy. Kutija & Hong (1996) presented a steady-state 1-dimensional numerical model for vertical direction, to study the additional resistance to flow provided by flexible reeds. This model addressed the height of the canopy, but it was not calibrated or verified and it did not include the interaction of plants with the flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling coupling between eelgrass Zostera marina and water flow

Abdelrhman¹

2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Ecological effects caused by submerged aquatic vegetation not only depend on the plants and their morphology but also on the flow and transport patterns of dissolved and suspended constituents near the canopy. Canopy height is a major variable in any quantitative analysis of plant biomass and constituent transport in its vicinity. Height of eelgrass Zostera marina canopies changes due to bending of the blades under varying current regimes. In this paper, I mathematically modeled the coupling between eelgrass blade bending and water flow. Based on the balance of forces of drag, lift, friction, weight and buoyancy on a single blade, the model defined the bending of blades (i.e. height of canopy) and the flow response within and above the canopy. This coupling was tested using laboratory data and indicated that the model performed adequately. Both model results and laboratory data confirmed that the bending of blades, and hence canopy height, was very sensitive to current magnitude and directly influenced current profile. Identifying canopy height is a major factor in defining spatial distribution of grass biomass from optical or acoustic remote sensing devices. The model has direct implications for biological issues related to the plants themselves and to their associated organisms, such as the vertical distribution of photosynthesis within the canopy and the effect of current shear on recruitment of organisms on the blades. It can also be used to study how eelgrass canopies affect horizontal transport of constituents, such as dissolved oxygen, nutrients and organic carbon, and particulate material such as pollen, larvae, plankton and detritus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling coupling between eelgrass Zostera marina and water flow

Abdelrhman¹

2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…It produced the same general trends as in field measurements but missed the observed minima in kinetic energy. Kutija & Hong (1996) presented a steady-state, 1-dimensional numerical model for the vertical direction to study the additional resistance to flow provided by flexible reeds. The model was uncalibrated and unverified, and it did not include the interaction of plants with flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modeling can be an inexpensive way of predicting some of the ecological implications under various scenarios of plant physiology, current, and sedimentation. Unfortunately, modeling flow in and above SAV lags far behind experiments describing the flow, and few models tackle this issue (Kutija & Hong 1996, Schutten & Davey 2000, Verduin & Backhaus 2000. Schutten & Davey (2000) used regression analysis of laboratory measurements to predict the hydraulic drag forces on various kinds of plants from a species-specific coefficient multiplied by the plant biomass times velocity to the 1.5 power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of eelgrass Zostera marina canopies on flow and transport

Abdelrhman¹

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Ecological effects of the interaction between submerged aquatic vegetation and currents depend on the plants and their associated organisms as well as the large-scale transport of dissolved and suspended constituents near the canopy. Mathematical models for airflow within plant canopies were adapted to describe water flow through and above meadows of aquatic eelgrass Zostera marina. The resulting model provided the vertical distribution of velocity and shear in a water column within the meadow, and it was developed to automatically conserve flow within the canopy. It was tested and calibrated with data from the laboratory and the field, and it performed adequately. The flow profile was nearly exponential within the canopy and logarithmic above it. The model was used to study how the eelgrass canopy affected the horizontal transport of conservative constituents. The most important finding was that the vertical distribution of a constituent determines whether the canopy will reduce or enhance its transport through the water column. This effect has direct implications for transport of nonconservative constituents such as dissolved oxygen, nutrients, organic carbon, and particulate pollen, larvae, plankton, and detritus. It also has direct implications for biological issues such as vertical distributions of photosynthesis and of recruitment of organisms on blades of grass while they are exposed to varying degrees of currents and shear.

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“…Jones et al (2008) demonstrated that in-channel vegetation restructures hyporheic flow patterns by creating temporally dynamic deviations of hydraulic gradients. Certainly, in-channel vegetation increases the friction factor (Kutija and Hong, 1996;Harvey et al 2003), but Worman et al 2004 and Kjellin et al 2007 also observe that the spatial distribution of vegetation often leads to a channeling flow patterns and the creation of low flow areas that increase 10 water residence time (Section 4.5.1) Ensign et al, 2005). This aspect has been observed especially in streams with extensive vegetation where flow can decrease to zero within the stands, the volumetric capacity of the storage changes as HEF do Ensign et al, 2005).…”

Section: Ecological Factors: In-channel Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling down hyporheic exchange flows: from catchments to reaches

Magliozzi

Grabowski

Packman

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Rivers are not isolated systems but continuously interact with the subsurface from upstream to downstream. In the last few decades, research on the hyporheic zone (HZ) from many perspectives has increased appreciation of the hydrological importance and ecological significance of connected river and groundwater systems. Although recent reviews, 10 modelling and field studies have explored hydrological, biogeochemical and ecohydrological processes in the HZ at relatively small scales (bedforms to reaches), a comprehensive understanding of the factors driving the hyporheic exchange flows (HEF) at larger scales is still missing. To date, there is fragmentary information on how hydroclimatic, hydrogeologic, topographic, anthropogenic and ecological factors interact to drive hyporheic exchange flows at large scales. Further evidence is needed to link hyporheic exchange flows across scales. This review aims to conceptualize interacting factors at catchment, 15 valley and reach scales that control spatial and temporal variations in hyporheic exchange flows. The implications of these drivers are discussed for each scale, and co-occurrences across scale are highlighted in a case of study. By using a multi-scale perspective, this review connects field observations and modelling studies to identify broad and general patterns of HEF in different catchments. This multi-scale perspective is useful to devise approaches to interpret hyporheic exchange across multiscale heterogeneities, to infer scaling relationships, and to inform watershed management decisions. 20

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A numerical model for assessing the additional resistance to flow introduced by flexible vegetation

Cited by 105 publications

References 1 publication

Modeling coupling between eelgrass Zostera marina and water flow

Modeling coupling between eelgrass Zostera marina and water flow

Effect of eelgrass Zostera marina canopies on flow and transport

Scaling down hyporheic exchange flows: from catchments to reaches

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