A numerical model of deformation and fluid-flow in an evolving thrust wedge

Strayer, Luther M.; Hudleston, Peter J.; Lorig, Loren

doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(01)00052-x

Cited by 58 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It has been widely used to simulate rock deformation (Xia et al, 2006) and solve structural geology problems (Hobbs et al, 1990;Ord, 1991;Zhang et al, 1996b;Zhang et al, 1996c;Zhang et al, 2000;Strayer et al, 2001). For example, Ord (1991) simulated the uniaxial compression deformation of Gosford sandstone and demonstrated that the stress-strain relationships from the FLAC numerical models for several different confining pressures are consistent with those reported from an experimental work (Edmond and Paterson, 1972).…”

Section: Numerical Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The material is in an elastic state if < 0 (the stress state is not touching the yield surface), and is in a plastic state if = 0 (the stress state is touching the yield surface) (Xia et al, 2006). Detailed information on using the Mohr-Coulomb elastic-plastic materials to simulate deformation in thrust wedge can be found in Strayer et al (2001).…”

Section: Theoretical Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The geological and geodynamic condition on the formation of the Dabashan thrust nappe structure: Based on FLAC numerical modelling

Zhang¹,

Dong²

2016

Earth sci. res. j.

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The Dabashan thrust nappe structure at the southern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt suffered at least two stages of evolution which are Late Triassic plate subduction collisional orogeny between North China block, Qinling micro-plate and Yangtze block followed by intracontinental orogeny since the Meso-Cenozoic. A prominent topography characteristic within the Dabashan area is a southwestward extrusive arc (Bashan Arc fault) that is one of key factors to understand the geodynamic condition of the Dabashan thrust nappe structure.In this work, two-dimensional plan-view models are constructed to simulate the collisional and intracontinental orogenic movements, and the factors that may control the formation of the Bashan Arc fault are analysed. The modelling results show that the compressive stress produced by the plates collision along both north and south boundaries is the main driving force. The dextral shearing derived from the inconsistent shape on the block margins is the main controller. Rigid tectonic units such as Bikou and Hanan-Micangshan terranes, Foping and Wudang domes, as well as Shennongjia-Huangling anticline also contribute as "anchor" effects. Additionally, the rheology properties of rock material in the Dabashan area affect the shape of the arc.La estructura de la falla de cabalgamiento de las montañas Dabashan en el margen sur del cinturón orogénico de Qinling sufrió por lo menos dos etapas de evolución, la colisión orogénica del Triásico Superior entre el bloque de la China del Norte, la microplaca de Qinling y el bloque Yangtze, y la orogénesis intracontinental desde el Meso-Cenozoico. Una característica topográfica prominente del área de Dabashan es un arco extrusivo (falla Arco de Bashan) hacia el suroeste, que es un factor determinante para entender la condición geodinámica de la falla de cabalgamiento en las montañas Dabashan. En este trabajo se construyeron modelos bidimensionales planos para simular los movimientos de colisión e intracontinental orogénicos y se analizaron los factores que podrían controlar la formación de la falla del Arco de Bashan. Los resultados del modelado muestran que el esfuerzo de compresión producido por las placas de colisión en los límites norte y sur es la principal fuerza impulsora de la falla. La principal controladora es la fuerza de cizallamiento dextral derivada de la forma inconsistente en los margenes del bloque. Las unidades tectónicas rígidas como los terrenos Bikou y HananMicangshan, el domo Foping y Wudang, al igual que el anticlinal Shennongjia-Huangling tienen funciones de ancla. Adicionalmente, las propiedades reológicas del material rocoso en el área Dabashan afectan la forma del arco. Condición geológica y geodinámica para la formación estructural de la falla de cabalgamiento en las montañas Dabashan basada en el modelo numérico del software FLAC B2 Xiaoning Zhang and Yunpeng Dong. ABSTRACT RESUMEN

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Section: Numerical Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Theoretical Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

The geological and geodynamic condition on the formation of the Dabashan thrust nappe structure: Based on FLAC numerical modelling

Zhang¹,

Dong²

2016

Earth sci. res. j.

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“…Convergent thrust wedges have been studied with analytical techniques (Davis et al 1983;Dahlen 1984), analogue experiments (e.g., Mulugeta 1988;Gutscher et al 1998a;Storti et al 2000) and numerical models (e.g., Strayer et al 2001;Burbridge & Braun 2002). Similarly, brittleviscous extension has been investigated with analogue (e.g., Michon & Merle 2000;Bahroudi et al 2003) and numerical (e.g., Behn et al 2002;Wijns et al 2003) methods.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The numerical sandbox: comparison of model results for a shortening and an extension experiment

et al. 2006

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Abstract:We report results of a study comparing numerical models of sandbox-type experiments. Two experimental designs were examined: (1) A brittle shortening experiment in which a thrust wedge is built in material of alternating frictional strength; and (2) an extension experiment in which a weak, basal viscous layer affects normal fault localization and propagation in overlying brittle materials. Eight different numerical codes, both commercial and academic, were tested against each other. Our results show that: (1) The overall evolution of all numerical codes is broadly similar. (2) Shortening is accommodated by in-sequence forward propagation of thrusts. The surface slope of the thrust wedge is within the stable field predicted by critical taper theory. (3) Details of thrust spacing, dip angle and number of thrusts vary between different codes for the shortening experiment. (4) Shear zones initiate at the velocity discontinuity in the extension experiment. The asymmetric evolution of the models is similar for all numerical codes. (5) Resolution affects strain localization and the number of shear zones that develop in strain-softening brittle material. (6) The variability between numerical codes is greater for the shortening than the extension experiment.Comparison to equivalent analogue experiments shows that the overall dynamic evolution of the numerical and analogue models is similar, in spite of the difficulty of achieving an exact representation of the analogue conditions with a numerical model. We find that the degree of variability between individual numerical results is about the same as between individual analogue models. Differences among and between numerical and analogue results are found in predictions of location, spacing and dip angle of shear zones. Our results show that numerical models using different solution techniques can to first order successfully reproduce structures observed in analogue sandbox experiments. The comparisons serve to highlight robust features in tectonic modelling of thrust wedges and brittle-viscous extension.Numerical and analogue modelling methods represent two different techniques with which the evolution of geological structures, such as fold-and-thrust belts and sedimentary basins, can be investigated. The underlying assumption with both methods is that their results approximate the development of structures in the real Earth in a reasonable manner. We may then expect that the results of analogue and numerical models look similar when applied to the same (2) to test the similarity of numerical and analogue models, in order to help establish robust features of tectonic models on the scale of the upper crust.The companion paper (Schreurs et al. 2006) presents the results of an analogue comparison study with ten participating modelling laboratories. Two experimental set-ups were tested: (1) a brittle convergent thrust wedge experiment and (2) a brittle-viscous extension experiment. The reproducibility of modelling results between the laboratories was found to be fai...

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“…The code is capable of simulating interactions between deformation and fluid flow in porous media and has been applied to the simulation of a wide range of geological processes (e.g. Hobbs et al, 1990;Strayer et al, 2001;McLellan et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2007Zhang et al, , 2009. In a FLAC3D model, rocks are simulated as Mohr-Coulomb isotropic elastic-plastic materials.…”

Section: Model Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding regional structural controls on mineralization at the century deposit: A numerical modelling approach

Zhang

Roberts

Murphy

2010

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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A numerical model of deformation and fluid-flow in an evolving thrust wedge

Cited by 58 publications

References 42 publications

The geological and geodynamic condition on the formation of the Dabashan thrust nappe structure: Based on FLAC numerical modelling

The geological and geodynamic condition on the formation of the Dabashan thrust nappe structure: Based on FLAC numerical modelling

The numerical sandbox: comparison of model results for a shortening and an extension experiment

Understanding regional structural controls on mineralization at the century deposit: A numerical modelling approach

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