A numerical simulation of muscle spindle ensemble encoding during planar movement of the human arm: correlation sensitivity and parameter dependence

Abstract

We extend the analysis developed in the preceding paper in which we correlated kinematic parameters of planar movements of the human arm made by subjects moving to a visual target with numerical estimates of the ensemble encoding of muscle spindles within some of the muscles of this limb. Three possible models for the inclusion of noise in the calculations of the ensemble encodings are considered: (i) random errors in the angular coordinates from which muscle fascicle, and hence spindle length are calculated, (ii) variability of spindle discharge rates, and (iii) variability in the calculation of the ensemble encoding. In each case the correlations between kinematic variables of the movements and the resultant ensemble encodings decrease as the contribution of the noise term to the calculation of the encodings increases. Subject to the constraint that the magnitude of the noise term remains within physiologically realistic limits, however, the observed correlations persist at statistically significant levels. We also investigate the dependence of the observed correlations on the choice of model parameters, namely (i) the absolute and relative contributions made by simulated spindle primary and secondary afferents to the ensemble encoding, (ii) the inclusion of explicit length-related terms in the model of muscle spindle discharge, and (iii) the fractional power of velocity experienced by the model spindles during movement. The resulting correlations are approximately independent of both the fractional power of velocity and absolute firing levels of both the primary and secondary afferents of the spindle model. The inclusion of explicit length-dependent terms in the model does result in differences in the observed correlation coefficients. In this case, however, the magnitudes of the differences are small. On the basis of these findings we conclude that the correlations between kinematic variables of movement and the associated ensemble encodings are robust with regard to both the choice of model parameters and noise inherent at all stages of the transduction and processing of proprioceptive information. The findings of the present study provide further evidence, therefore, to support the hypothesis that motor structures capable of deriving such an ensemble encoding would be provided with information regarding ongoing movements in both intrinsic (body-centered) and extrinsic (Cartesian) coordinate systems.

A numerical simulation of muscle spindle ensemble encoding during planar movement of the human arm

“…Given the lack of relevant data this is an issue that lies, largely, beyond the scope of the present study. In the accompanying paper (Wallace and Kerr 1996), however, we show that scaling the discharge rates of the model spindles such that they are comparable with rates observed in other species results in only minor alterations to the ensemble encodings.…”

“…One possible explanation for this observation is the lack of any explicit length-dependent, and hence position-dependent component in the relationship (8) used to determine spindle discharge rates. However, data presented in the accompanying study (Wallace and Kerr 1996) fail to support such a conclusion. The existence of correlations between angular position and ensemble activity is most likely a reflection of the fact that the latter is derived from the former by way of a series of transformations from position-to velocity-related information induced by the model of spindle discharge.…”

“…For the purposes of the present study the term K was kept constant, and hence independent of the length of the muscle. The consequences of removing this restriction are discussed in the accompanying paper (Wallace and Kerr 1996).…”

“…We performed extensive investigations of the relationships between the observed magnitudes of the correlations and model parameters, the results of which are reported in the accompanying paper (Wallace and Kerr 1996). This included the addition of noise terms to the calculation of the ensemble encoding.…”