A numerical study on the lateral loading behaviour of offshore tetrapod piled jacket foundations in clay

Zhu, Bin; Wen, Kejun; Kong, Deqiong; Zhu, Zhoujie; Wang, Lujun

doi:10.1016/j.apor.2018.04.001

Cited by 41 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These metal piles are linked together thanks to a lattice that provides strength and stability to the whole structure. They have dimensions similar to the tripods but given their greater adaptability to diverse conditions and stability, they are more widespread than these, until being the second most used typology only behind the monopiles [65,66].…”

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confidence: 99%

Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations

Avila-Sanchez

Gutiérrez

Negro

et al. 2019

JMSE

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Renewable energies are the future, and offshore wind is undoubtedly one of the renewable energy sources for the future. Foundations of offshore wind turbines are essential for its right development. There are several types: monopiles, gravity-based structures, jackets, tripods, floating support, etc., being the first ones that are most used up to now. This manuscript begins with a review of the offshore wind power installed around the world and the exposition of the different types of foundations in the industry. For that, a database has been created, and all the data are being processed to be exposed in clear graphic summarizing the current use of the different foundation types, considering mainly distance to the coast and water depth. Later, the paper includes an analysis of the evolution and parameters of the design of monopiles, including wind turbine and monopile characteristics. Some monomials are considered in this specific analysis and also the soil type. So, a general view of the current state of monopile foundations is achieved, based on a database with the offshore wind farms in operation.

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confidence: 99%

Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations

Avila-Sanchez

Gutiérrez

Negro

et al. 2019

JMSE

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“…It can be seen that 2D has different behavior from 3D finite element analysis on the effects of pile stiffness and soil stiffness. The 3D numerical model is reliable for improving the soil-pile reaction while decreasing the overall flexural stiffness of the pile friction [25]. The 3D finite element analysis is related to the soil response [26] as evidenced by the deflection occurring less than 25 mm, by the permissible deflection for the lateral pile based on Isenhower et al [7], while the 2D analysis has a deflection more significant than 25 mm (Figure 7).…”

Section: Single Pile Lateral Load Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Single Pile with Embedded Beam Row and Volume Pile Modeling under Seismic Load

Sumarsono

Munawir

Harimurti

2023

Studia Geotechnica Et Mechanica

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Indonesia is located between the Eurasian, Pacific, Philippines, and Indo-Australian plates. Various tectonic processes in the world and collisions between large plates and several small plates trigger many earthquakes in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the response of bored piles in the Auditorium Building of Brawijaya University toward seismic loads through analytical and numerical approaches based on finite elements with 2D (embedded beam row) and 3D (volume pile) modeling, where the analysis approach of pile deformation and lateral resistance with numerical methods will depend on idealization of the model used. In addition, the lateral resistance was compared based on combination lateral loads, pile stiffness, and soil stiffness when the values were different. The 2D finite element analysis reduces lateral resistance but overestimated the deflection on the pile surface. This is because in the 2D finite element modeling with an embedded beam row that the friction factor represented by the spring can reduces the stiffness and the pile–soil is tangent, so that there is no slipping against each other. In addition, the 3D finite element analysis with volume pile modeling increases soil stiffness at greater depths and the friction factor (interface) can improve the interaction between the soil and pile.

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“…Among these, monopiles have been widely used for OWTs installed in shallow water below 30 m, which accounts for 81% of OWTs in Europe at the end of 2019 (Wind Europe 2021). However, as shallow water areas get more populated, alternative foundation type such as tetrapod piled jacket (TPJ) is regarded as an important option for OWTs erected in deeper waters (Zhu et al, 2018). TPJ foundation can be employed across a wide range of soil conditions and is suitable for water depths of 30-60 m. For instance, the Beatrice wind farm (UK) deploys TPJ foundation mounted in up to 55 m water depth with 2.2 m diameter and 35-60 m length steel tubular piles (BOWL, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lateral and torsional soil reactions can be modelled with one-dimensional non-linear load transfer springs namely 𝑝 − 𝑦 and 𝜏 𝑠 − 𝜃 curves, where 𝑝 is lateral resistance acting on local pile shaft, 𝑦 is local shaft deflection, 𝜏 𝑠 is local torsional resistance and 𝜃 is local twist angle of the pile shaft. A range of 𝑝 − 𝑦 curves has been proposed for different geo-materials (see for examples by Reese et al (1974), Yan & Byrne (1992), Zhu et al (2018), and Wen et al (2020)), whereas limited research regarding 𝜏 𝑠 − 𝜃 correlations is reported in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torque-Transferring Characteristics of Offshore Tetrapod Piled Jacket Foundations in Dense Sand

et al. 2023

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Tetrapod piled jacket (TPJ) foundations supporting offshore wind turbines (OWTs) tend to subject to significant torque caused by eccentric loading from wind, wave or accidental vessel impact. This paper presents comprehensive three-dimensional numerical analyses to investigate TPJ's performance under torsional loading, considering in particular the distribution of local torque and rotation over pile shafts and the underlying torsional load transfer mechanism. A modified Mohr-Coulomb model for dense sands was implemented in ABAQUS/Standard that captured the evolution of friction angle and dilation angles against the accumulated plastic shear strain. Resultsshow that the torque imposed at the head of TPJ foundation could trigger soil reactions of torsional resistance and horizontal force in individual piles; higher pile spacing-to-diameter ratios mitigate the influence of torsional loads. A pressure-dependent torsional load transfer model was proposed that takes into account the effects of pile-sand relative stiffness and sand's relative density. The model can be employed to predict TPJ's response under torsional loading and improve its practical design.

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A numerical study on the lateral loading behaviour of offshore tetrapod piled jacket foundations in clay

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations

Foundations in Offshore Wind Farms: Evolution, Characteristics and Range of Use. Analysis of Main Dimensional Parameters in Monopile Foundations

Comparative Analysis of Single Pile with Embedded Beam Row and Volume Pile Modeling under Seismic Load

Torque-Transferring Characteristics of Offshore Tetrapod Piled Jacket Foundations in Dense Sand

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