A nutraceutical combination of cinnamon, purple onion, and tea linked with key enzymes on treatment of type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is concomitant with signi cant morbidity and mortality and its prevalence is accumulative worldwide. The conventional antidiabetic agents are known to mitigate the symptoms of diabetes; however, they may also cause adverse effects. This study explores the e cacy of polyherbal dietary supplement cinnamon, purple onion, and tea on the mediation of postprandial hyperglycemia for in the search of combinations with a maximal response.Materials and methods: A starch solution (3 g/kg Bwt) of oral starch tolerance test (OSTT) and glucose solution (4 g/kg Bwt) of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with and without cinnamon, purple onion, tea extract (15 mg/kg Bwt), and mixture (each 5 mg/kg Bwt, 1:1:1), metformin (14 mg/kg Bwt), or acarbose (50 mg/kg Bwt) was administered to high fat plus high fructose-induced diabetic mice after an overnight fast. Postprandial plasma glucose levels were measured and incremental areas under the response curve were calculated.Results: Compared with acarbose, the mixture of extracts (purple onion, cinnamon, and tea) indicated decreasing blood glucose in OSTT. In OGTT, the mixture of extracts showed greater e cacy for hypoglycemia when compared with metformin. The molecular docking of α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, and AMPK con rmed the putatively acting molecules from the extracts of purple onion, cinnamon, and tea.Conclusions: Overall, this investigation evidenced a bene cial mediation for the progression of lowering blood glucose with a combinatory extract of cinnamon, dietary onion, and tea, implicating their prospective as nutraceuticals that might ameliorate hyperglycemia in diabetes.

In Silico Approaches to Identify Polyphenol Compounds as α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitors against Type-II Diabetes

“…Currently, we have performed in silico assays to accelerate new discoveries from herbal or natural compounds and confirmed the validation of preclinical levels. These include: α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities suppressed by Garcinia linii extracts, including syringaldehyde, via docking, and further confirmed by in vitro (cell) and in vivo (diabetic mice) studies [ 289 ]; by the mixture of extracts (purple onion, cinnamon, and tea) via docking, and further confirmed by in vitro (enzyme) and in vivo (diabetic mice) studies [ 290 ]; by γ-mangostin via docking and further confirmed by in vitro (cell, enzyme) and in vivo (diabetic mice) studies [ 291 ]; by syringaldehyde via docking and further confirmed by in vitro (enzyme, organ culture) and in vivo (diabetic mice) [ 292 ] studies; and by curcumin, antroquinonol, HCD, docosanol, tetracosanol, rutin, and actinodaphnine via virtual screen and further confirmed by in vitro (cell) and in vivo (diabetic mice) studies [ 293 ]. Remarkably, drug design is a process in which new leads (efficacy drugs) are discovered which have therapeutic benefits in antidiabetic drugs and can have potential effects on the management of T2DM in human clinical trials [ 246 , 247 ].…”

Safety of Cinnamon: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews of Randomized Clinical Trials

“…It was proved to be beneficial at the same time. ( Weng et al, 2021 ). The possible hypoglycemic pathway exerts its action by enhancing the activities of bioenzymes such as hexokinase and pyruvate kinase during glycolysis by increasing the content of liver glycogen and inhibit the gene expression of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, which are key enzymes in the process of liver gluconeogenesis, and to maintain insulin resistance ( Prasath and Subramanian, 2011 ; Prasath et al, 2014 ).…”