A nutrient pattern characterized by vitamin A, C, B6, potassium, and fructose is associated with reduced risk of insulin‐related disorders: A prospective study among participants of Tehran lipid and glucose study

Abstract

Background Insulin-related disorders, including insulin resistance, insulin insensitivity, and insulinemia, is considered early predictors of major chronic disease risk. Using a set of correlated nutrient as nutrient patterns to explore the diet-disease relationship has drawn more attention recently. We aimed to investigate the association of nutrient patterns and insulin markers’ changes prospectively among adults who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Methods For the present study, 995 men and women aged 30–75 years, with complete information on insulin and dietary intake in survey III TLGS, were selected and followed three years until survey IV. Dietary intakes at baseline were assessed using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA). We extracted five dominant patterns based on the scree plot and categorized them into quartiles. Linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between Nutrient patterns and three-year insulin markers changes, including fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-S. Results The mean (SD) age and BMI of participants (43.1 % male) were 46.2(10.9) year and 28.0(4.7) kg/m2, respectively. The median (IQR, 25, 75) of 3 years changes of insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-S were 0.35 (− 1.71, 2.67) mU/mL, 0.25 (− 0.28, 0.84) and − 6.60 (− 22.8, 7.76), respectively. In the fully adjusted model for potential confounders, per each quartile increment of the fifth nutrient pattern, the β coefficients (95 % CI) of changes in insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-S were − 0.36 (− 0.62, − 0.10); P value = 0.007, -0.10 (-0.19, -0.01); P value = 0.022, and 1.92 (0.18, 3.66); P value = 0.030, respectively. There were no significant association between other nutrient patterns and insulin related indices. Conclusions Present study showed that high adherence to a nutrient pattern rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, pyridoxine, potassium, and fructose is inversely associated with 3-years changes in insulin, HOMA-IR, and directly associated with HOMA-S.

Nutrient patterns and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Iranian Adul: A case-control study

“…Our study is the first case-control study investigating the association between NPs and NAFLD. A study most in line with our results relates to a prospective study that extracted an NP including vitamin A, vitamin C, pyridoxine, potassium, and fructose, and this pattern has been associated with a lower risk of hyperinsulinemia and IR, and dyslipidemia among participants from Tehran ( 22 , 23 ). Although there are considerable differences between this study and others in TLGS (Tehran lipid and glucose study), such as different study design, sample size, and outcome of the studies, based on the literature reviews, there is a significant correlation between hyperinsulinemia and IR with NAFLD ( 12 ).…”

Nutrient pattern analysis of mineral based, simple sugar based, and fat based diets and risk of metabolic syndrome: a comparative nutrient panel

“…Salehi-Abargouei et al [ 23 ] found three major nutrient patterns in a sample of Iranian adults. In another study by Teymoori et al [ 22 ] five major nutrient patterns were also found which were different from patterns obtained in our study. However, it should be keep in mind that since nutrient patterns are extracted from data obtained in the studied population with different dietary habits, consequently it is not expected that the nutrient patterns would be completely in accordance with each other.…”

“…Few studies have evaluated the association between nutrient patterns and chronic diseases using factor analysis and provided different results in different populations [ 22 – 24 ]. In a recent published study from Iran, Teymoori et al [ 22 ] has reported that a nutrient pattern rich in dietary potassium, vitamins C and A, B 6 , and fructose was related to a lower risk of hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance.…”

“…Few studies have evaluated the association between nutrient patterns and chronic diseases using factor analysis and provided different results in different populations [ 22 – 24 ]. In a recent published study from Iran, Teymoori et al [ 22 ] has reported that a nutrient pattern rich in dietary potassium, vitamins C and A, B 6 , and fructose was related to a lower risk of hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. Salehi-Abargouei et al [ 23 ] showed that greater adherence to the pattern composed of iron, thiamine, betaine, selenium, niacin, folate, and starch was related to reduced risk of central obesity while another pattern including soluble and insoluble fiber, copper, fructose, glucose, sucrose, and vitamin K and C increased the risk.…”

Dietary macrominerals: Updated review of their role and orchestration in human nutrition throughout the life cycle with sex differences

“…Chronic potassium deficiency is characterized by muscle weakness and acne or dry skin. These symptoms may progress to nervous disorders, decreased or irregular heartbeat and eventually could lead to loss of gastrointestinal tone if left untreated ( Teymoori et al, 2021 ). Cardiac arrhythmia is one of the most serious complications that happen in severe cases due to the sudden loss of potassium.…”