A one-component photoinitiator based on 4-methylbenzophenone and morpholine

Kai, Jian; Nie, Jun; Li, Dongbing; Yang, Jinshan

doi:10.1134/s1560090416060099

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…An effort has also been done in order to expand their scope of application to the visible range so that low‐consumption LED sources can be used. [ 36 ] For instance, it has been reported [ 37 ] that the introduction of acrylic acid and morpholine into the molecular structure of 4‐methylbenzophenone can lead to a new one‐component photoinitiator, MBPAcMP, with a slight redshift of its absorption toward the visible light and exhibiting a molar extinction coefficient of 18 800 L/mol cm. The one‐component photoinitiating system could act both as a Type II photoinitiator and a hydrogen donor with a high initiation efficiency and do not require the addition of additional co‐initiators in the process of initiating monomer polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Blue‐LED‐Sensitive Naphthoquinone‐Imidazolyl Derivatives as Type II Photoinitiators of Free Radical Photopolymerization

Borjigin

Schmitt

Giacoletto

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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In this work, new naphthoquinone‐based photoinitiators are synthesized and applied for the first time in free radical photopolymerization. In the presence of acrylate monomers, these PIs display excellent photoinitiation capabilities under blue‐light LED@405 nm irradiation in a two‐component photoinitiating system in which the additive is a common iodonium salt (bis‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)iodonium hexafluorophosphate ‐ Iod) or a tertiary amine (ethyl 4‐dimethylaminobenzoate ‐ EDB). In controlled tests, the polymerization performance of dye4/Iod is equal to or better than that of common commercial Type II photoinitiators (2‐isopropylthioxanthone and benzophenone). Meanwhile, only a trace amount of photoinitiator is required (as low as 0.05%) to initiate the photopolymerization. It is worth noting that some of these compounds can also be used in one‐component photoinitiating system (monocomponent Type II behavior) and exhibit high photoinitiation ability. A series of complementary characterization analyses of two new naphthoquinone dyes (i.e. dye 1 and dye 4) with very similar chemical structures are carried out to investigate the relevant photochemical mechanism. Finally, 3D printing experiments are carried out by a simple and convenient Direct Laser Write (DLW) technique.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Blue‐LED‐Sensitive Naphthoquinone‐Imidazolyl Derivatives as Type II Photoinitiators of Free Radical Photopolymerization

Borjigin

Schmitt

Giacoletto

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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“…Recently, incorporating the hydrogen donating sites in the TX moiety has become a successful strategy to overcome these problems. Depending on the hydrogen donating moiety in the TX structure, intramolecular or intermolecular hydrogen abstraction mechanism is possible . Taking into consideration that the initiation mechanism presented in Scheme is a bimolecular process, these one‐component systems show usually a higher initiation efficiency when compared with two‐component systems …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐component, double‐chromophoric thioxanthone photoinitiators for free radical polymerization

Kreutzer

Yaǧcı

2017

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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Two one‐component, double‐chromophoric thioxanthone photoinitiators, namely TX‐EDA and TX‐DETA were synthesized by the reaction of thioxanthone aldehyde (TX‐A) with ethylenediamine (EDA) and diethylenetriamine (DETA), respectively via a facile Schiff base reaction. Both photoinitiators were characterized by spectral analysis and photobleaching studies. DFT calculations are employed to reveal the contribution of the different orbitals to the excitation of the initiators. The double‐chromophoric nature of the initiators gives rise to an increased absorption in the near UV region when compared with the pristine TX‐A. Photoinitiated polymerization of various vinyl monomers with TX‐EDA and TX‐DETA has been investigated in the presence and absence of a co‐initiator and compared for formulations consisting of precursor TX‐A. In addition, real‐time FTIR spectroscopic studies were performed in methyl methacrylate polymerization with both initiators. The higher efficiency observed with TX‐DETA may be attributed to the additional hydrogen donating sites adjacent to nitrogen atoms. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3475–3482

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Aryl structural effect on the photoinitiation abilities of aryl glycine derivatives for polymerization upon exposure to blue light

Lai,

Peng,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Applied Research

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The design and development of photoinitiating systems applicable to visible light delivered from light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have attracted increasing attention owing to the wide application of photopolymerization. In this study, four aryl glycine derivatives are designed and synthesized, and their applicability as visible light‐sensitive photoinitiators is thoroughly investigated. Specifically, the photoinitiation mechanism of these aryl glycine derivatives, when combined with iodonium salt, is investigated using steady‐state photolysis, fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping techniques. It is revealed that radicals can be generated from aryl glycine derivatives/iodonium salt combinations upon exposure to blue LEDs (410 and 445 nm) to induce free radical photopolymerization (FRP) of (meth)acrylates. Additionally, besides FRP, a photobase generator based on one of the investigated aryl glycine derivatives is synthesized and demonstrates the capability to initiate epoxy‐thiol polymerization under light irradiation. The remarkable photolatent characteristics demonstrate the significant potential in broadening the application of aryl glycine derivatives in controlled photopolymerization processes.

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A one-component photoinitiator based on 4-methylbenzophenone and morpholine

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

The Blue‐LED‐Sensitive Naphthoquinone‐Imidazolyl Derivatives as Type II Photoinitiators of Free Radical Photopolymerization

The Blue‐LED‐Sensitive Naphthoquinone‐Imidazolyl Derivatives as Type II Photoinitiators of Free Radical Photopolymerization

One‐component, double‐chromophoric thioxanthone photoinitiators for free radical polymerization

Aryl structural effect on the photoinitiation abilities of aryl glycine derivatives for polymerization upon exposure to blue light

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