A one-dimensional model for the pulsating flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal canal

Sincomb, S.; Coenen, Wilfried; Gutiérrez-Montes, C.; Martı́nez-Bazán, C.; Haughton, Victor M.; Sánchez, Antonio L.

doi:10.1017/jfm.2022.215

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…2019; Sincomb et al. 2022). To enable quantitative predictions, these future investigations should consider more realistic geometrical configurations, including annular models of the spinal canal with obstacles arranged longitudinally to represent the ventral and dorsal nerve roots (Stockman 2006, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2019; Sincomb et al. 2022), the flow rate exhibits a non-sinusoidal variation induced by the intracranial pressure, including a short period of fast caudal flow followed by a longer period of slow flow in the cranial direction. Since this pulsating stream interacts with nerve roots and ligaments that are aligned with the flow, a relevant question is whether such interactions can lead to the appearance of a longitudinal streaming motion, which could explain the enhanced transport rate previously observed (Stockman 2006, 2007).…”

Section: Steady Streaming In Anharmonically Oscillating Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oscillating viscous flow past a streamwise linear array of circular cylinders

et al. 2023

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This paper addresses the viscous flow developing about an array of equally spaced identical circular cylinders aligned with an incompressible fluid stream whose velocity oscillates periodically in time. The focus of the analysis is on harmonically oscillating flows with stroke lengths that are comparable to or smaller than the cylinder radius, such that the flow remains two-dimensional, time-periodic and symmetric with respect to the centreline. Specific consideration is given to the limit of asymptotically small stroke lengths, in which the flow is harmonic at leading order, with the first-order corrections exhibiting a steady-streaming component, which is computed here along with the accompanying Stokes drift. As in the familiar case of oscillating flow over a single cylinder, for small stroke lengths, the associated time-averaged Lagrangian velocity field, given by the sum of the steady-streaming and Stokes-drift components, displays recirculating vortices, which are quantified for different values of the two relevant controlling parameters, namely, the Womersley number and the ratio of the inter-cylinder distance to the cylinder radius. Comparisons with results of direct numerical simulations indicate that the description of the Lagrangian mean flow for infinitesimally small values of the stroke length remains reasonably accurate even when the stroke length is comparable to the cylinder radius. The numerical integrations are also used to quantify the streamwise flow rate induced by the presence of the cylinder array in cases where the periodic surrounding motion is driven by an anharmonic pressure gradient, a problem of interest in connection with the oscillating flow of cerebrospinal fluid around the nerve roots located along the spinal canal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Steady Streaming In Anharmonically Oscillating Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oscillating viscous flow past a streamwise linear array of circular cylinders

et al. 2023

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“…Given the large subject-to-subject variations in observed respiratory-driven flow, comparisons between cardiac-and respiratorydriven flow should be conducted on a subject-to-subject basis. As an example, subjects 1 and 2 in Sincomb et al, 31 respectively, correspond to subjects 5 and 2 of the present study. For these subjects, the ratios between respiratory-and cardiac-driven peak flow rates were, respectively, 0.1 and 0.3 at C2/C3, 0.2 and 0.4 at T6/T7, and 0.7 and 1.3 at L1 and L2, where both peak values become comparable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Respiratory-driven spinal CSF flow occurs in addition to that driven by the cardiac cycle. 9,[29][30][31] Induced by intracranial pressure fluctuations, the cardiac-driven flow presents a different spatial variation of flow rate and stroke volume along the spine (eg, Figs 2 and 3 in Sincomb et al 31 ) with maximum values in the upper cervical region, decreasing monotonically toward the closed caudal end. Given the large subject-to-subject variations in observed respiratory-driven flow, comparisons between cardiac-and respiratorydriven flow should be conducted on a subject-to-subject basis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Normal Breathing on the Movement of CSF in the Spinal Subarachnoid Space

Gutiérrez-Montes

Coenen

Vidorreta

et al. 2022

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Forced respirations reportedly have an effect on CSF movement in the spinal canal. We studied respiratory-related CSF motion during normal respiration. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Six healthy subjects breathed at their normal rate with a visual guide to ensure an unchanging rhythm. Respiratory-gated phase-contrast MR flow images were acquired at 5 selected axial planes along the spine. At each spinal level, we computed the flow rate voxelwise in the spinal canal, together with the associated stroke volume. From these data, we computed the periodic volume changes of spinal segments. A phantom was used to quantify the effect of respiration-related magnetic susceptibility changes on the velocity data measured.RESULTS: At each level, CSF moved cephalad during inhalation and caudad during expiration. While the general pattern of fluid movement was the same in the 6 subjects, the flow rates, stroke volumes, and spine segment volume changes varied among subjects. Peak flow rates ranged from 0.60 to 1.59 mL/s in the cervical region, 0.46 to 3.17 mL/s in the thoracic region, and 0.75 to 3.64 mL/s in the lumbar region. The differences in flow rates along the canal yielded cyclic volume variations of spine segments that were largest in the lumbar spine, ranging from 0.76 to 3.07 mL among subjects. In the phantom study, flow velocities oscillated periodically during the respiratory cycle by up to 0.02 cm/s or 0.5%. CONCLUSIONS:Respiratory-gated measurements of the CSF motion in the spinal canal showed cyclic oscillatory movements of spinal fluid correlated to the breathing pattern.

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“…(2019) and Sincomb et al. (2022)). The back-and-forth motion of CSF has a typical stroke length , and a characteristic velocity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Floquet stability analysis of a two-layer oscillatory flow near a flexible wall

Bárcenas-Luque,

Coenen,

Gutiérrez-Montes

et al. 2024

J. Fluid Mech.

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We investigate the linear Floquet stability of two fluid layers undergoing oscillations in the direction parallel to the flexible wall that separates them. This canonical configuration is inspired by the cerebrospinal fluid flow in the spinal canal of subjects with hydromyelia/syringomyelia. The analysis focuses on the marginal conditions for the onset of instability, and how these depend on the spatial wavelength of the perturbation, and on the values of the control parameters, which are the two channel widths, the Reynolds number and the wall stiffness. Unstable perturbations are found to oscillate synchronous with the base flow. The wavelength of the most unstable perturbation, of the order of the stroke length of the basic oscillatory motion, depends strongly on the wall stiffness, but is only weakly influenced by the channel widths and the Reynolds number. In general, around criticality, it was found that increasing the Reynolds number has a destabilizing effect, and that decreasing the canal widths stabilizes the instability. The wall stiffness on the other hand has a non-monotonic effect, exhibiting an intermediate value for which the instability is maximally amplified. The present analysis is a first step towards a better understanding of the physical mechanisms that govern many (bio)fluid mechanical problems that involve oscillatory flows near compliant walls.

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A one-dimensional model for the pulsating flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal canal

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Oscillating viscous flow past a streamwise linear array of circular cylinders

Oscillating viscous flow past a streamwise linear array of circular cylinders

Effect of Normal Breathing on the Movement of CSF in the Spinal Subarachnoid Space

Floquet stability analysis of a two-layer oscillatory flow near a flexible wall

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