A One-health Approach to Combat Common Pet-associated Fungal Zoonosis

Abstract

Fungal zoonosis is an infectious disease that can spread from animals to humans. Most of the emerging and re-emerging infections caused by zoonosis. These can be transmitted directly or indirectly by fungi and can pose a serious threat to the world. The emerging infections are those that affect a population within a geographic area for the first time. In addition to posing a serious hazard to society, fungi can spread by sapronotic and zoonotic transmission. According to epidemiological studies, there is a rise in fungal infections in domestic animals. The most emerging cause of this rise in infections is climate change i.e., the fluctuation in temperature, humidity, change in human lifestyle, ecological disruptions and weak immune system. Exposure of zoonotic infection by direct interaction with pets, livestock animals, pet handler and importers. Transmission either directly via direct contact with secretions and excretions of animals, aerosol, faeco-oral route, skin abrasions, cuts and scratches. Fungi such as Dermatophytes, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma can spread among pets and humans, leading to various diseases and infections such as Dermatophytosis, Histoplasmosis, Cryptocococosis, Paracoccidioimycosis and Aspergillosis. To properly address this issue a One Health strategy that emphasizes the connection of animal, human and environmental health is necessary. In developing countries, education and awareness are particularly necessary where the people lack even the most basic knowledge of numerous issues. In order to mitigate the impact of fungal zoonosis education, better veterinary procedures, cooperative research efforts are essential. By adopting a One Health approach, we can protect the health of both humans and animals.