A Pair of Dopamine Neurons Target the D1-Like Dopamine Receptor DopR in the Central Complex to Promote Ethanol-Stimulated Locomotion in Drosophila

Kong, Eric C.; Woo, Katherine; Li, Haiyan; Lebestky, Tim; Mayer, Nasima; Sniffen, Melissa R.; Heberlein, Ulrike; Bainton, Roland J.; Hirsh, Jay; Wolf, Fred W.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009954

Cited by 172 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…S5B). Ddc-GAL4 and TH-GAL4 share expression with the exception of a subset of neurons termed the PAM neurons (33) (Fig. 2 B and C).…”

Section: Oviposition Preference Depends On the Context Of The Egg-layingmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…To test this, we blocked neurotransmission with TeTx in patterns specified by three GAL4 lines that drive expression in various subsets of Ddc-expressing cells including the PAM neurons (transgenes HL5, HL7, and HL9) (33,35). Blocking neurotransmission in PAM, PAL, PPM1/2, PPL2, and Sb neurons (HL5) decreased oviposition preference for 5% ethanol (Fig.…”

Section: Different Subsets Of Dopamine Neurons Drive Competing Behavimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…c346-GAL4 expresses in PPM3 cells that project to the EB (33). The EB is organized in a concentric pattern of glomeruli with major contributions from the projections of large-field ring or R neurons (Fig.…”

Section: Different Subsets Of Dopamine Neurons Drive Competing Behavimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4C) (40,41). A subgroup of these, the R2/R4 EB neurons, mediate both ethanolinduced hyperactivity (33) and ethanol tolerance (42,43).…”

Section: Different Subsets Of Dopamine Neurons Drive Competing Behavimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Competing dopamine neurons drive oviposition choice for ethanol in Drosophila

Azanchi

Kaun

Heberlein

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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101

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The neural circuits that mediate behavioral choice evaluate and integrate information from the environment with internal demands and then initiate a behavioral response. Even circuits that support simple decisions remain poorly understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, oviposition on a substrate containing ethanol enhances fitness; however, little is known about the neural mechanisms mediating this important choice behavior. Here, we characterize the neural modulation of this simple choice and show that distinct subsets of dopaminergic neurons compete to either enhance or inhibit egg-laying preference for ethanol-containing food. Moreover, activity in α′β′ neurons of the mushroom body and a subset of ellipsoid body ring neurons (R2) is required for this choice. We propose a model where competing dopaminergic systems modulate oviposition preference to adjust to changes in natural oviposition substrates.I n nature, rotting fruit is the social hub for the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Flies use fermenting fruit as a food source (1) and a site for oviposition (2). The choice of a suitable oviposition substrate is an ecologically important decision with a direct impact on species fitness. However, other than having a clear preference for fermenting fruit, how females choose oviposition sites in nature is largely unknown.One of the main metabolites of fermentation is ethanol, which is present in ripe fleshy fruits (3). Although ethanol concentrations in the fruit are rather low [≤5% (vol/vol)] (4), plumes containing ethanol vapor can act as long-distance signals to attract flies to rotting fruit (3, 5). When given the choice, female flies prefer to lay their eggs on media containing low concentrations of ethanol (up to 5%) (6), which leads to enhanced fitness of the developing larva and the adult fly.D. melanogaster's resistance to ethanol toxicity may have evolved to allow inhabitation of ethanol-containing environments (7). For example, adult flies allowed to mate on ethanolcontaining media improve mating success and fecundity (8). Although rearing larvae on food containing relatively high ethanol concentrations delays development and decreases survival (9-11), larvae reared on low concentrations of ethanol develop into heavier adults (7,12). This weight increase may be a result of D. melanogaster larvae metabolizing ethanol and using it as a food source (12). Ingestion of ethanol during the larval stage has additional benefits, such as protection from natural parasites such as endoparasitoid wasps (13).Studies on the neural circuits underlying the oviposition program and choice of oviposition substrates have been initiated only recently in D. melanogaster (14, 15). Ethanol is a particularly intriguing stimulus for oviposition preference, because it has, depending on concentration, both beneficial and detrimental effects on developing larvae. In flies, the function of dopaminergic neurons has been implicated in responses to both rewarding and aversive stimuli (16-19), making it a candidate neuromodulator to signa...

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“…S5B). Ddc-GAL4 and TH-GAL4 share expression with the exception of a subset of neurons termed the PAM neurons (33) (Fig. 2 B and C).…”

Section: Oviposition Preference Depends On the Context Of The Egg-layingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Different Subsets Of Dopamine Neurons Drive Competing Behavimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Different Subsets Of Dopamine Neurons Drive Competing Behavimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4C) (40,41). A subgroup of these, the R2/R4 EB neurons, mediate both ethanolinduced hyperactivity (33) and ethanol tolerance (42,43).…”

Section: Different Subsets Of Dopamine Neurons Drive Competing Behavimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Competing dopamine neurons drive oviposition choice for ethanol in Drosophila

Azanchi

Kaun

Heberlein

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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101

100

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“…All circadian experiments are conducted using dim red light (ambient overhead red light < 1 lux on bench top; small red lights used at 12 inches from tubes ~ 1 lux light). (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) flies using an aspirator on day 2 towards the end of the light period, and transfer to fresh holding vials. 4.…”

Section: Preparation Of Experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The FlyBar: Administering Alcohol to Flies

Linde

Fumagalli

Roman

et al. 2014

JoVE

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Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are an established model for both alcohol research and circadian biology. Recently, we showed that the circadian clock modulates alcohol sensitivity, but not the formation of tolerance. Here, we describe our protocol in detail. Alcohol is administered to the flies using the FlyBar. In this setup, saturated alcohol vapor is mixed with humidified air in set proportions, and administered to the flies in four tubes simultaneously. Flies are reared under standardized conditions in order to minimize variation between the replicates. Three-day old flies of different genotypes or treatments are used for the experiments, preferably by matching flies of two different time points (e.g., CT 5 and CT 17) making direct comparisons possible. During the experiment, flies are exposed for 1 hr to the pre-determined percentage of alcohol vapor and the number of flies that exhibit the Loss of Righting reflex (LoRR) or sedation are counted every 5 min. The data can be analyzed using three different statistical approaches. The first is to determine the time at which 50% of the flies have lost their righting reflex and use an Analysis of the Variance (ANOVA) to determine whether significant differences exist between time points. The second is to determine the percentage flies that show LoRR after a specified number of minutes, followed by an ANOVA analysis. The last method is to analyze the whole times series using multivariate statistics. The protocol can also be used for non-circadian experiments or comparisons between genotypes. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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The central complex of the flesh fly, Neobellieria bullata: Recordings and morphologies of protocerebral inputs and small‐field neurons

Phillips-Portillo

2012

J of Comparative Neurology

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The central complex in the brains of insects is a series of midline neuropils involved in motor control, sensory integration, and associative learning. To understand better the role of this center and its supply of sensory information, intracellular recordings and dye fills were made of central complex neurons in the fly, Neobellieria bullata. Recordings were obtained from 24 neurons associated with the ellipsoid body, fan-shaped body, and protocerebral bridge, all of which receive both visual and mechanosensory information from protocerebral centers. One neuron with dendrites in an area of the lateral protocerebrum associated with motion-sensitive outputs from the optic lobes invades the entire protocerebral bridge and was driven by visual motion. Inputs to the fan-shaped body and ellipsoid body responded both to visual stimuli and to air puffs directed at the head and abdomen. Intrinsic neurons in both of these structures respond to changes in illumination. A putative output neuron connecting the protocerebral bridge, the fan-shaped body, and one of the lateral accessory lobes showed opponent responses to moving visual stimuli. These recordings identify neurons with response properties previously known only from extracellular recordings in other species. Dye injections into neurons connecting the central complex with areas of the protocerebrum suggest that some classes of inputs into the central complex are electrically coupled.

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A Pair of Dopamine Neurons Target the D1-Like Dopamine Receptor DopR in the Central Complex to Promote Ethanol-Stimulated Locomotion in Drosophila

Cited by 172 publications

References 81 publications

Competing dopamine neurons drive oviposition choice for ethanol in Drosophila

Competing dopamine neurons drive oviposition choice for ethanol in Drosophila

The FlyBar: Administering Alcohol to Flies

The central complex of the flesh fly, Neobellieria bullata: Recordings and morphologies of protocerebral inputs and small‐field neurons

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