A Palatinose-Based Balanced Formula Improves Glucose Tolerance, Serum Free Fatty Acid Levels and Body Fat Composition

Abstract

Palatinose is a disaccharide present in honey, which has the characteristics of delayed digestion and absorption. We developed a palatinosebased balanced formula (PBF) and reported its beneficial effects on metabolic syndromerelated parameters in rats. To examine the effects of PBF in humans, we here conducted a crossover study using twenty-three subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. The subjects were divided into two groups: intervention to control (I/C) and control to intervention (C/I) groups. The I/C group consumed PBF (250 kcal) together with foods that were 250 kcal less than their usual breakfast (intervention meal) for the first 12 weeks, followed by their usual breakfast (control meal) for the last 12 weeks. The protocol for the C/I group was opposite in order: the control meal for the first 12 weeks, followed by the intervention meal for the last 12 weeks. In the first 12-week period, the intervention meal decreased 2-hr plasma glucose levels after 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (-15.7 ± 20.1% change), while the control meal did not (0.8 ± 31.6% change). The difference between these changes was significant ( p = 0.038). The similar results were obtained from the comparison of the changes between the first and the last 12-week periods in the two groups combined (intervention vs control: -11.8 ± 22.5 vs 11.2 ± 30.2% change, p = 0.024). PBF also had the beneficial effects on serum free fatty acids levels and visceral fat area. In conclusion, PBF consumption has beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome-related parameters in humans.palatinose; free fatty acid; visceral fat area; glucose tolerance; metabolic syndrome © 2007 Tohoku University Medical Press As shown in many studies, sustained hyperglycemia is a risk factor for both microvascular and macrovascular (or cardiovascular) complications in type 2 diabetes (DM) (Laakso and Lehto 1997; UK Prospective Diabetes Study group 1998; Bretzel et al. 1998), while postprandial

Consumption of rapeseed honey leads to higher serum fructose levels compared with analogue glucose/fructose solutions

“…The differences in honey composition especially regarding the disaccharides seem to influence the effects of honey substantially. This was shown for palatinose, a disaccharide often present in honey (Oizumi et al, 2007). Perhaps similar mechanisms are also true for the fructose metabolism.…”

Benefit of Combined Cardiac Rehabilitation on Exercise Capacity and Cardiovascular Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

“…Besides, the comparison of both groups after completion of the training program (Table 2) reflects similar benefits: no differences in the parameters of exercise capacity and RPP peak , as well as in the resting cardiovascular parameters. We suppose that good control of diabetes and blood pressure in DM patients before they start any rehabilitation program contribute to a significant improvement in exercise capacity (Oizumi et al 2007). We are well aware of the fact that the benefit of rehabilitation in our study was enhanced by relatively low BMI in DM subjects.…”

Honey and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

“…As shown in many studies, sustained hyperglycemia is a risk factor for both micro vascular and macro vascular (as cardiovascular) complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (Laakso & Lehto, 1997;Bretzel et al, 1998 as cited from Oizumi et al, 2007), while postprandial hyperglycemia has also been considered a risk factor for cardiovascular complications (Tominaga et al, 1999;Risso et al, 2001;Chiasson et al, 2002;Hanefeld et al, 2004;Nakagami et al, 2004 as cited from Oizumi et al, 2007). Many experimental and epidemiological studies have shown that increased postprandial plasma glucose levels may have equally or even more harmful effects than fasting hyperglycemia (Tominaga et al, 1999;Risso et al, 2001;Nakagami et al, 2004 as cited from Oizumi et al, 2007), and the reduction of postprandial plasma glucose levels delays the development of cardiovascular complications (Chiasson et al, 2002;Hanefeld et al, 2004 as cited from Oizumi et al, 2007).…”

“…Many experimental and epidemiological studies have shown that increased postprandial plasma glucose levels may have equally or even more harmful effects than fasting hyperglycemia (Tominaga et al, 1999;Risso et al, 2001;Nakagami et al, 2004 as cited from Oizumi et al, 2007), and the reduction of postprandial plasma glucose levels delays the development of cardiovascular complications (Chiasson et al, 2002;Hanefeld et al, 2004 as cited from Oizumi et al, 2007). Jenkins (1987) defined the glycemic index as the ratio between the blood glucose areas produced after ingestion of a studied sugar compared to the blood glucose area produced after glucose ingestion itself.…”

“…Also, Tirgoviste et al (1983) studied blood glucose and plasma insulin responses to various carbohydrates in type 2 diabetes, and they found that the increase in plasma glucose was significantly higher after administration of more refined carbohydrates such as glucose than after the complex ones such as honey. Meanwhile, Oizumi et al (2007) and Arai et al (2004) found that consumption of a palatinose (a disaccharide found in honey)-based balanced formula suppressed postprandial hyperglycemia, glycemic and peak incremental indices and produced beneficial effects on the metabolic syndrome-related parameters (namely, the lipid profile and visceral fat accumulation) in diabetic patients. They stated the reason of this observation to be due to the fact that although palatinose is completely absorbed, yet it has the specific characteristics of delayed digestion and absorption as reported by Dahlquist et al (1963) and Lina et al (2002).…”